chap 2

• A charged species formed from a neutral atom or molecule when electrons are gained or lost as the result of a chemical change

  IONS
• • an ion with a net positive charge meaning there is a loss in one or more electrons

  CATIONS
• an ion with a net negative charge meaning there is a gain in one or more electrons

  ANIONS
• the number of electrons that atoms in a molecule can share, lose or gain while forming chemical bonds with other atoms of a different element.

  OXIDATION NUMBER
• ✧ The usage of Roman Numeral in Elements with multiple oxidation states. ✧ Elements with only one oxidation state does not use the stock method

  STOCK METHOD
• The usage of Latin Names and adding +ous (for lower oxidation state) and +ic (for higher oxidation in Elements with two common oxidation states

  OLD METHOD
• a substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution.


  ACID
• pH values ranges from 1-7

  ACID
• a substance that releases OHions in an aqueous solution. ✧ pH values ranges from 7-14.

  BASES
• The most convincing evidence for the existence of electrons came from experiments using cathode-ray tubes.
• the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.


  ATOMIC NUMBER (Z)
• MASS NUMBER (A) - is the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element.
• ISOTOPES - atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.