Male Genital System Ib

• Proliferative inflammatory atrophy is a precursor to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia & prostate cancer
• The tufting pattern for HGPIN is characterised by slight mounds of hyperplastic, cytologically atypical epithelium
• The characteristic finding for nodular hyperplasia of the prostate is the trabeculation of the mucosa
• Carcinoma of the prostate commonly co - exists with HGPIN
• Gleason pattern 5 has characteristic comedo nests
• Non-specific Granulomatous Prostatitis = Reaction to secretions from ruptured prostatic glands
• Fungal Granulomatous Prostatitis = Immunocompromised patients
• Granulomatous Prostatitis is caused by the Instillation of BCG within the bladder, for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer; Indistinguishable from Tuberculosis
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia has microscopic findings of Intraluminal presence of corpora amylacea (proteinaceous secretory material)
• Complications of Benign Prostatic hyperplasia:

  • Residual urine in the bladder, due to chronic obstruction → Increased risk for urinary tract infections
  • Complete urinary obstruction → Painful bladder distention and Hydronephrosis
• The flat pattern of HGPIN is the earliest form
• Prostatic Cancers mostly arise in the peripheral zone
• TMPRSS2 - ETS fusion genes (as result of gene re-arrangements) = 40-50% of prostate cancers