5/3

• secretary: an official who is in charge of a large department of the government:
• cliff: an area of high, steep rocks beside the sea
• nature reserve: an area of land where animals and plants are protected
• presume: to assume that something is true or will happen, without having any evidence for it

  eg: I presume that you've done your homework.
• harness: to control something, usually in order to use its power:

  eg: There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power.
• prevalent: common, widespread, or prevalent

  eg: These diseases are more prevalent among young children.
• dispose: to make someone feel a particular, and often bad, way toward someone else, or to influence someone in a particular way:

  eg: Her sense of humor disposed me to like her.
• present: to give, provide, or make something known:

  eg: The winners were presented with medals.
• grapple: to fight, especially in order to win something:

  eg: The children grappled for the ball.
• intention:  /ɪnˈten.ʃən/ something that you want and plan to do:

  I've no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his.
• backfire:  /ˌbækˈfaɪr/ (of a plan) to have the opposite result from the one you intended:

  Her plans to make him jealous backfired on her when he started dating her best friend.
• descend:  /dɪˈsend/ to go or come down:

  The path descended steeply into the valley.
• comply: /kəmˈplaɪ/ to act according to an order, set of rules, or request:

  There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.
• aptitude:  /ˈæp.tə.tuːd/ a natural ability or skill:

  My son has no/little aptitude for sport.
• mock: /mɑːk/ to laugh at someone, often by copying them in a funny but unkind way:

  They were mocking him because he kept falling off his bike.
• criterion:  /kraɪˈtɪr.i.ən/ a standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something:
• rational:  /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/ based on clear thought and reason:There must be some rational explanation for what happened.
• intellectual:  /ˌɪn.t̬əlˈek.tʃu.əl/ relating to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas:

  Looking after a baby at home all day is nice but it doesn't provide much intellectual stimulation.
• pursue: /pəˈsjuː/ to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it:

  The car was pursued by helicopters.