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• The right visual field projects onto the left half of each retina, which sends axons to the left hemisphere
• The left hemisphere controls speech in most people
• Although the two hemispheres of a split-brain person are sometimes in conflict, they find ways to cooperate and cue each other
• Most left-handers have left-hemisphere or mixed dominance for speech; few have strong right-hemisphere dominance for speech
• Young children have some trouble comparing information from the left and right hands because the corpus callosum is not fully mature
• After damage to the corpus callosum, each hemisphere answers questions about the information that reaches it directly
• Each hemisphere controls mostly the hand on the opposite side, sees the opposite side of the world, and feels the opposite side of the body
• A child born without a corpus callosum does not show all the same deficits as an adult who sustains damage to the corpus callosum
• Right hemisphere


  • Dominant for emotional inflections of speech and for interpreting other people’s emotional expressions in speech or facial expression
  • In vision, it attends mostly to overall patterns in contrast to the left hemisphere, which is better for details
• Corpus callosum

  A set of axons connecting the two hemispheres of the brain
• Each hemisphere slowly answers a few questions about information on the other side if it crosses the anterior commissure or one of the other small commissures
• In humans, the left visual field projects onto the right half of each retina, which sends axons to the right hemisphere
• The brain of a left-handed person is not simply a mirror image of a right-hander’s brain
• The left and right hemispheres differ anatomically even during infancy
• Corpus callosum

  The largest bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, enabling communication and coordination between the left and right hemispheres for the integration of information and functions
• Lateralization

  The specialization of functions in the two cerebral hemispheres, where certain cognitive processes or functions are predominantly controlled by either the left or right hemisphere, e.g., language processing typically lateralized to the left hemisphere
• Split-brain people

  Individuals who have undergone corpus callosotomy, a surgical procedure that severs the corpus callosum to treat severe epilepsy, resulting in functional disconnection between the two brain hemispheres and leading to unique cognitive and perceptual abilities
• Focus

  The specific area in the brain where abnormal electrical activity originates and triggers seizures, also known as the seizure focus or epileptic focus
• Planum temporale

  A region of the brain in the temporal lobe, specifically in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus, involved in auditory processing and language functions, particularly in the left hemisphere
• Anterior commissure

  A bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, located in the anterior part of the brain and involved in communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres
• Epilepsy

  A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to symptoms such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, and abnormal sensations
• Optic chiasm

  A structure at the base of the brain where optic nerves from each eye cross over, responsible for the partial crossover of visual information from each eye to the opposite side of the brain, enabling binocular vision and depth perception
• Visual field


  The total area that can be seen by an individual at any given moment without moving their eyes, including central and peripheral vision, essential for visual perception and awareness of surroundings