L2

• What is the main focus of Chapter 9?

  Attachment and early social experiences
• What should you be able to evaluate after reading this chapter?

  The importance of a primary caregiver
• What theory is central to understanding attachment?

  Attachment theory
• What are the key features of attachment theory?

  Emotional ties between child and caregiver
• How can changes in child-rearing practices impact development?

  They can affect attachment and emotional growth
• What is one implication of attachment relationships for later life?

  They influence relationships in adulthood
• How does Daisy's behavior differ from Chloe's in the described scenarios?

  Daisy is more cautious and seeks comfort
• What might explain the differences in behavior between Daisy and Chloe?

  Differences in attachment styles and experiences
• What is the significance of the relationship between a child and their primary caregiver?

  It is crucial for emotional and psychological development
• What does Bowlby’s attachment theory emphasize?

  The biological basis of forming attachments
• What is the concept of 'monotropism' in attachment theory?

  Attachment to one primary caregiver
• What is 'proximity-seeking' in the context of attachment?

  Behaviors to draw attention from the caregiver
• What is 'separation protest' in attachment behavior?

  Protest behaviors when separated from caregiver
• What is 'stranger anxiety' in infants?

  Fear of unfamiliar people, seeking caregiver
• What is the critical period for forming attachments according to Bowlby?

  Between six months and three years
• What was tested in 6-week-old infants in the study?

  Imitation both immediately and after 24 hours
• What are the phases of attachment development according to Bowlby?

  Pre-attachment, early attachment, separation protest
• What does the finding of imitation from memory imply?

  6-week-olds can generate actions from memory
• How does Bowlby’s theory relate to the emotional development of children?

  It highlights the importance of early bonds
• How did infants modify their behavior during trials?

  They gradually made more accurate matches
• What behaviors might indicate a secure attachment in a child?

  Comfort in exploring while checking in with caregiver
• What social function does early imitation serve according to the study?

  It helps clarify social identity of persons
• How do infants use reenactment of behavior after a delay?

  To determine if the person is the same
• What is the role of the primary caregiver in attachment?

  To provide nurturance, protection, and security
• What is the relationship between imitation and understanding people?

  Imitation helps understand people like manipulation helps understand objects
• How does Bowlby’s work inform our understanding of child-rearing practices?

  It emphasizes the need for stable attachments
• What might be the long-term effects of inadequate attachment in early childhood?

  Challenges in forming relationships in adulthood
• What does the study suggest about the role of memory in imitation?

  Memory is involved in delayed imitation
• What is the significance of the psychological web surrounding imitation?

  It connects learning, communication, and memory
• What age range did classical developmental theory suggest for facial imitation?

  8 to 12 months of age
• What did recent findings reveal about newborns and young infants?

  They can match certain facial movements
• What are the two hypotheses regarding early imitation?

  AIM and IRM hypotheses
• What is the main focus of Bowlby's attachment theory?

  Formation and development of attachment relationships
• What does the AIM hypothesis propose?

  Infants actively match their motor behavior to targets
• How did Bowlby's theory evolve over time?

  It was refined several times from 1953 to 1980
• What does the IRM hypothesis suggest about imitation?

  Imitation is triggered by innate mechanisms
• What is the main focus of Seminar 1?

  Imitation in infancy
• What are the attachment phases proposed by Bowlby?

  1. Phase with little recognition of mother
  2. Phase of recognizing mother but no separation protest
  3. Phase with proximity-seeking and stranger anxiety
  4. Goal-corrected phase with abstract representations
• How does the timing of stimulus-response connections relate to the IRM hypothesis?

  IRM expects immediate responses to stimuli
• What is the critical period for attachment formation according to Bowlby?

  Six months to three years