CHAPTER 1 & 2

• Testing

  May be individual or group in nature
• The roots of contemporary psychological testing and assessment can be found in early twentieth-century France
• Within a decade an English-language version of Binet’s test was prepared for use in schools in the United States
• Psychological testing provided the methodology for screening recruits during World War I
• Role of evaluator in assessment

  Assessor is key to selecting evaluation tools and drawing conclusions from the evaluation
• Psychological testing

  Process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior
• Skill of evaluator in testing

  Requires technician-like skills in administering, scoring, and interpreting test results
• Objective of psychological assessment

  To answer a referral question, solve a problem, or arrive at a decision through evaluation tools
• Varieties of assessment

  • Educational Assessment
  • Retrospective assessment
  • Remote assessment
  • Ecological momentary assessment
• Process of Tele-assessment

  1. Referral

  2. Test selection & assessment battery

  3. Determine mode of assessment

  4. Pre-testing screening and client preparation

  5. Platform of choice

  6. Administration protocol

  7. Periodical protocol evaluation
• Approaches in Assessment

  • Collaborative Psychological Assessment
  • Dynamic Assessment
• Alfred Binet and a colleague published a test designed to help place Paris schoolchildren in appropriate classes
• During World War II, the military depended even more on psychological tests to screen recruits for service
• World War I, the military needed a way to screen large numbers of recruits quickly for intellectual and emotional problems


  1917
• Objective of psychological testing

  To obtain a numerical gauge with regard to an ability or attribute (Raw score)
• Role of evaluator in testing

  The tester is not key to the process; one tester may be substituted for another without affecting the evaluation significantly
• Psychological assessment

  Gathering and integration of psychology-related data for making a psychological evaluation using tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, and behavioral observation
• Assessment

  Typically individualized and focuses on how an individual processes rather than just the results
• Skill of evaluator in assessment

  Requires educated selection of tools, evaluation skills, and organization of data
• The Process of Assessment

  1. Referral

  2. Determine mode of assessment

  3. Pre-testing screening and client preparation

  4. Platform of choice

  5. Administration protocol

  6. Periodical protocol evaluation
• Assessment Techniques

  • Technician assisted
  • Hybrid stage
  • Modified face-to-face
  • Direct to home
• Assessment Models

  • Test-oriented model
  • Domain-oriented model
• Assessment Models

  • Test-oriented model
  • Domain-oriented Model
  • Hypothesis-oriented model
• Dynamic assessment

  Most typically employed in educational settings, although it may be employed in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and most any other setting as well
• Format

  Pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related considerations such as time limits. Also refers to the form in which a test is administered: computerized, pencil-and-paper, or some other form
• Tools of Psychological Assessment

  • Test
  • Psychological Test
  • Content
  • Format
  • Administration procedure
  • Scoring and Interpretation
  • Score
  • Cut scores
  • Interview
  • Portfolio
  • Case History Data
  • Behavioral Observation
  • Role-Play Tests
  • Computer as Tools
• Administration procedure

  Involves demonstration of tasks demanded of the assessee and observation of performance. Some tests may not require the test administrator to be present
• Test

  A measuring device or procedure designed to measure a variable related to the modifier
• Score

  A code or summary statement reflecting an evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample of behavior
• Content

  Vary with the focus of the particular test, depending on the theoretical orientation defining the construct of interest
• Psychological Test

  A device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, or values)
• Computer Tools

  • Simple scoring report
  • Extended scoring report
  • Interpretative report
  • Consultative report
• Cut scores

  A reference point used to divide data into classifications
• Scoring and Interpretation

  Process of assigning evaluation codes or statements according to the clients' performance on the test
• CAPA refers to computer-assisted psychological assessment, where computers assist the test user, not the test taker
• Parties involved in testing

  • Test developer
  • Test User
  • Test taker
  • Society at Large
• Rapport

  Working relationship between the examiner and the examinee
• Assessment Settings

  • Educational Setting
  • Clinical and Counselling Setting
  • Geriatric Settings
  • Business and Military Settings
• Alternate assessment is an evaluative or diagnostic procedure that varies from the usual way a measurement is derived, either by special accommodation or alternative methods
• Types of reports

  • Extended scoring report
  • Interpretative report
  • Consultative report
  • Integrative report