Retreival part 2

• Name the structure of metal materials.

  Giant metallic lattice.
• How would you describe metal melting points.

  High.
• Do metals conduct electricity?

  Yes.
• Do metals conduct heat energy?

  Yes.
• What is an alloy? 


  A metal mixed with another type of metal.
• Why are pure metals not suitable for everyday uses?

  They are too soft.
• Why are pure metals soft?

  The positive ions are arranged in layers that can slide past each other.
• Why are allows harder than pure metals?

  The different sized atoms distort the layers structure of the metal and the layers cannot easily slide past each other.
• What is a fullerene?

  Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.
• Describe the structure of fullerenes.

  Based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.
• What is Buckminster Fullerene? 


  The first fullerene discovered, C60.
• Explain why fullerenes are useful in medicine.

  They are hollow and can cage medicines.
• Explain why fullerenes are useful as lubricants.

  They are spherical and can easily roll.
• What is a nanotube?


  A cylindrical fullerene.
• Why are nanotubes useful in electronics?

  They conduct electricity because they have delocalised electrons that can carry the charge through the tube.
• Why are nanotubes useful in strengthening materials?

  They have a high strength to size ratios.
• Why are nanotubes useful in nanotechnology?

  They have a high surface area to volume ratio.
• To what does nanoscience refer?

  Structures that are 1 - 100nm in size.
• How can you tell that nanoparticles are larger than atoms?

  They are made from atoms.
• Place fine particles, nanoparticles and coarse particles in order of increasing size.

  Nanoparticles smallest, fine particles, coarse particles largest.
• How can a cubes surface area to volume

  ratio be calculated?

  Surface area = side length2 x 6.

  Volume = side length3.

  SA:V ratio = surface area/volume
• What is the relationship between side length and SA:V ratio?

  When side length decreases by x10 the SA:V ratio increases by x10.
• Why are nanoparticles more effective than other larger particles?

  They have a larger surface area to volume ratio, less is required for the same results.
• Name the uses of nanoparticles.

  Electronics, cosmetics, sun creams, deodorants and catalysts.
• What are the potential risks of using nanoparticles?

  Health effects are not yet fully understood, potential cell damage and environmental damage.