Social Dominance

• What did Prato, Sidanius, and colleagues define social dominance orientation as in 1984?

  Hierarchical social order
• The Social Dominance Orientation scale measures support for group-based dominance and Intergroup inequality
• Social dominance orientation reflects individual differences in the endorsement of beliefs that justify group inequality and oppression.
• Match the legitimizing myth with its example:

  Racism ↔️ Hierarchy-enhancing myth

  Meritocracy ↔️ Hierarchy-legitimizing ideology
• What two components was the Social Dominance Orientation scale broken into by Sidanius and Prato in 1999?

  Dominance and egalitarianism
• An example item on the Social Dominance Orientation scale for dominance is: "Some groups of people are just more worthy
• An example item on the Social Dominance Orientation scale for egalitarianism is: "It would be good if all groups could be equal."
• What types of prejudice has extensive evidence linked Social Dominance Orientation to?

  Sexism, racism, anti-immigration
• Social Dominance Orientation is often associated with opposition to progressive and social policies
• What is the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and how does it relate to Social Dominance Orientation?

  Positively interrelated but distinct
• Social Dominance Orientation is strongly related to authoritarian submission.

  False
• Social Dominators value conventions and traditions only if these preserve hierarchical societal structures
• What do both Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism predict in psychology?

  Outgroup prejudice
• Match the motivational goal with its associated construct:

  Group dominance ↔️ Social Dominance Orientation

  Societal control ↔️ Right-Wing Authoritarianism
• Who created the Dual Process Model in 2001 and 2002?

  Duckitt
• The Dual Process Model suggests that Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism represent two independent dimensions of social attitudes
• The motivational goal of Right-Wing Authoritarianism is to assert power and group dominance.

  False
• Steps in the creation of Social Dominance Orientation according to the Dual Process Model:

  1️⃣ Competitive context

  2️⃣ Tough-minded personality

  3️⃣ Competitive jungle worldview

  4️⃣ Social Dominance Orientation
• What type of worldview is associated with Social Dominance Orientation in the Dual Process Model?

  Competitive jungle worldview
• Social Dominance Orientation is influenced by a competitive environment and a tough-minded personality.
• The Right-Wing Authoritarianism worldview is created through a threatening context and a personality leaning towards social conformity
• What did Sibley, Wilson, and Duckitt find in their research on Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism over a five-month period?

  Motivational goals change over time
• Right-Wing Authoritarianism changes over time based on the perceived level of danger and threat in society.
• What cognitive processes does Duckitt's 2001 model predict underlie prejudice?

  Motivational goals and worldviews
• The motivational goal for Right-Wing Authoritarianism is to maintain societal cohesion
• Social Dominance Orientation changes over time as a function of perceived resource scarcity and inequality.
• What is the effect of a competitive worldview on Social Dominance Orientation over time?

  Increases it
• Social Dominance Theory (SDT) suggests that prejudice serves to legitimize and maintain existing social hierarchies
• Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) refers to an individual's belief in the importance of group-based social hierarchies.
• What are legitimizing myths in SDT?

  Beliefs justifying social hierarchy
• Perceived threat in SDT occurs when individuals perceive a threat to the existing social hierarchy
• SDT argues that prejudice is a random occurrence with no purpose.

  False
• What do individuals high in SDO believe about group success?

  Success is due to merit
• When dominant groups feel threatened, they may resort to more extreme forms of prejudice to maintain their dominance
• How does racism exemplify SDT in action?

  Justifies racial hierarchies
• Sexism is the belief that men are naturally superior to women.
• Classism uses the belief that certain social classes are more entitled to resources
• SDT links prejudice to the justification of social hierarchies.
• Social Dominance Theory


  Why are societies hierarchically structured based on groups?

  
  

  Argues that group hierarchy is inevitable given human nature and its evolutionary roots.

  -They look at monkeys and say that hierarchy exists even among monkey communities.

  
  

  In order to change unfair hierarchies you need to understand dominance from all perspectives
• Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)

  Individual difference

  
  

  Belief that society should be hierarchically structured

  -By power and status

  
  

  Sample scale items:

  -"An ideal society requires some groups to be on top and others to be on the bottom"

  -"It is unjust to try to make groups equal"