Pt. 2

• Medical Technologist


  • Determines normal and abnormal components of body fluids by conducting chemical analyses of blood, urine, spinal fluids, and gastric juices
  • Analyzes blood cells by counting and identifying cells, using microscopic techniques and procedures
  • There are 1.3 medical technologists for 10,000 people in 2017
  • The NCR has the highest density at 3.2 while ARMM has the lowest density at 0.3
  • Fifty-three per cent of medical technologists work in government facilities
  • 83% of them work in hospitals; and only 17% of medical technologists work at the primary level RHU facilities
  • On average, there are only 0.6 medical technologists per health center
• Public Health Nurses


  • Care for entire populations
  • By working with whole communities, public health nurses are able to educate people about health issues, improve community health and safety and increase access to care
  • There are 8.6 nurses for 10,000 people in 2017
  • The NCR has the highest density (12.6) while the lowest is the ARMM (4.2)
  • On average, there are two nurses in an RHU
  • The Visayas region has the highest number of nurses at 2.3 nurses per RHU
  • The NCR has a significantly lower number of nurses at 1.4 per RHU
• Doctor/Physician


  • Apply the principles and procedures of medicine to prevent, diagnose, care for and treat patients with illness, disease and injury and to maintain physical and mental health
  • National-level data for 2017 showed that there are 3.9 doctors working in health institutions for a population of 10,000
  • Highest density is 10.6 in the NCR while the lowest density is 0.9 in the ARMM
  • The Western Visayas Region has the highest density of almost three doctors in an RHU
  • RHUs in the NCR have a significantly lower density of doctors (0.98) with the highest level of doctorless RHUs at 13%
  • The whole Visayas region has the lowest proportion of doctorless RHUs at 5%
• Role of health care providers

  • Health professionals play a central and critical role in improving access and quality health care for the population
  • They provide essential services that promote health, prevent diseases and deliver health care services to individuals, families and communities based on the primary health care approach
  • The density of health workers such as doctors and nurses is significantly higher in more urbanized and economically developed geographical locations
  • A high proportion of health workers are hospital based and areas with more hospitals register a higher density of health workers
  • Describes the availability of health workers at the lowest level of the health system (RHUs) using the results of a 2013 national survey
  • Providing guidance on a minimum standard of the health worker-to-population ratio is expected to redress the unequal locational distribution of health workers
• Environmental and occupational health services

  • Safe water and sanitation
  • Air quality
  • Occupational health
• Rural Health Midwives deployed under the Rural Health Team Placement Program aim to ensure safe motherhood and newborn care, with the objectives of reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality
• Types of communication

  • Social communication
  • Therapeutic communication
• The communication process has 3 main components: a Sender, a Receiver, a Message
• 83% of medical technologists work in hospitals; only 17% work at the primary level RHU facilities
• Rural Health Midwives deployed to serve poor performing and hard-to-reach communities work with different healthcare professionals under RHTPP to improve the holistic health of Filipinos
• Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases

  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Chronic respiratory diseases
  • Mental and neurological disorders
  • Prevention and control of substance abuse
• Prevention and control of communicable diseases

  • Tuberculosis
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Dengue
  • Pneumonia
• Health workers

  • Dentists
  • Nutritionists/dietitians
  • Pharmacists
  • Occupational therapists
  • Physical therapists
  • Radiologists
  • Sanitary engineers/inspectors
  • Barangay health workers
  • Traditional birth attendants
  • Dental aides
• On average, there are only 0.6 medical technologists per health center
• Family Health services

  • Maternal health
  • Neonatal and infant health
  • Child health
  • Adolescent health
  • Adult health
  • Elderly health
• Communication is the single most important tool staff members use to deliver services. Support, problem solving, intervention, crisis management, skills teaching, and service planning all rely on effective communication
• The success of the communication process mainly depends on the receiver's understanding of the communicated message
• Active listening


  • The act of hearing and responding both to the content and to the feeling of what is being said, including learning to listen for the feelings behind the words
• Principles of effective communication

  • Giving information is not communication
  • Clarity of the message: sender responsibility, needs planning for the process
  • Use simple language: suit the receiver
  • Feedback should be encouraged to ensure proper interpretation and use of messages
  • The sender must have credibility
  • Acknowledgement of the others
  • Proper channel of communication: direct one is the best one… avoid distortion… Immediate feedback could be obtained
• Barriers to communication

  • Feeling that reporting problems would be considered as weakness points
  • Time pressure on managers
  • Advice-giving response
  • Discounting of others' experiences & abilities
  • Warning, admonishing, commanding responses
  • Diagnosing response
  • Selective response, filtering, organization size
• Maintaining confidentiality


  • All personal and medical records are confidential. The patient expects privacy about care and other matters will not be shared with anyone except guardian, staff members, and inspectors