cases

• political influences on parliment

  tory party get brexit done

  labour manifesto - bring rights home
• media influences on parliment

  sarahs law - killed by paedophile

  firearms act - dunblane massacre
• lobbysist influence on parliment

  marcus rashford - letter sent to bojo about free school meals
• pressure groups on parliment

  extinction rebellion

  greenpeace

  league against cruel sports
• law commission influences on parliment

  6 acts about workhouses repealed

  reform of non-fatal offences in 1993
• public bills examples

  whitehaven harbor act
• private members bills

  abortion act

  marraige act
• law commission became law

  computer missues act

  family law act
• affirmative resolution

  needed for a new police codes of practise
• by laws example


  dog poo fines

  lanchester gov bannign drinking in towncentre during commonwealth
• statutory instruments


  dangerous dogs act

  pace
• orders in council

  missue of drugs act

  emmergency powers act
• substantiative ultra vires


  r(ann summers) V job centre
• procedural ultra vires

  aylesbury mushrooms
• wednesbury unreasonablness

  r v exparte

  r(rodgers)v swindon nhs
• law making reform whole area of law


  fraud act
• creation of mischief rule

  heydons case
• mischief rule 


  smith v hughes (prosititutes)

  royal college of nursing v DHSS (abortions)
• purpose approach

  r v registar exparte smith (murder wanted to find birth mum)

  r(quintavalle) V human fertilisation
• golden rule broad

  adler v george (vicinity of prohibited place)
• literal rule example

  dpp v cheeseman (public exposure)

  fisher v bell (flick knives - to display or sell) whitley v chappel (impersonating a dead person) LNER v berriman (maintainign railway not reparing)
• golden rule narrow

  r v allen (marraige defintion legal or just wedding ceremony)
• literal rule supporting judge

  vicount dilhorne - if language is clear and explicit must give effect to it
• literal rule against

  professor zander - literal rule is irresponsible and assumed unattainable perfection in draftsmenship
• extrinsic aids


  dictorionary

  hansard

  academic books

  dissenting judges
• intrinsic aids

  title

  interpretation section

  preamble

  heading
• court of appeal civil exception


  young v bristl aeroplanes
• overrulign example

  pepper v hart overruled davis v johnson (use of hansard)
• distinguishing example

  balfour v balfour ( creating a maintenace agreement - not actually contractual just domestic agreement)
• per incuriam


  williams v fawcett -misunderstanding with rules of county court
• law commission act 2009


  purpose improve rate that lc immplemented ideas