HEALTH EDUCATION

• 1800s - health was associated with poor hygiene and unsanitary conditions: health was the opposite of sickness, Medical Model – health is an individual issue; the way to improve an individual’s health was to treat the illness, Episodic care – seeking treatment for injury or illness
• Health

  State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO)
• 1900s - health was associated with an individual’s interaction with the society
• Factors affecting the Optimum Level of Functioning (OLOF)

  Political Factors: Power and authority, Behavioral: Habits and lifestyle, Heredity/Hereditary Factors: Genetically influenced diseases, Health Care Delivery System: Totality of policies and services, Environmental Influences: Pollution and poor sanitation, Socio-economic Influence: Impact of income level
• Factors affecting the Optimum Level of Functioning (OLOF)

  Political, Behavioral, Heredity, Health Care Delivery System, Environmental Influences, Socio-economic Influence
• Health

  Derived from the old English word for heal: HAEL which means whole, concerns the whole person and his integrity, soundness, or well-being
• Health through the Years
• Individual Dimensions of Health

  Physical health: State of one’s body, Mental Health: Intellectual capabilities, Emotional Health: Ability to express feelings, Social Health: Support system from family and friends, Spiritual Health: Recognition of a Supreme Being, Sexual Health: Acceptance and expression of sexuality, Societal Health: Link between health and society structure, Environmental Health: Physical environment where people live
• Health was associated with an individual’s interaction with the social/physical environment

  1900s
• Medical Model

  Health is an individual issue; the way to improve an individual’s health was to treat the illness
• Factors considered in the Ecological or Public Health Model

  • Air/water pollution
  • Working conditions
  • Substance abuse
  • Stress
  • Diet
  • Lifestyle
  • Access to health care for both individuals and entire populations
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 25, Sec 1: 'Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care, necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control'
• World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as: “Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.”

  1947
• High Level Wellness (HLW)

  Integrated method of functioning. It is the ability to maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he/she is functioning
• Many people have adopted a holistic approach to wellness, or a balance between mind, body, and spirit
• World Health Organization (1995): 'Believes that governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures'
• Quality of life is considered just as important as years of life
• Health

  Ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, emotional, social, mental, spiritual, and environmental dimensions. Some aspects of health are determined by genes, age, and other factors which may be beyond one’s control
• Ecological or Public Health Model

  Viewed diseases & other negative health events as a result of an individual’s interaction with his/her social and physical environment
• Health was the opposite of sickness
• Health Education is a process concerned with designing, implementing, and evaluating educational programs that enable families, groups, organizations, and communities to play active roles in achieving
• Comprehensive Ecological or Public Health Model adds to the definition of health the physical, social, & mental elements of life, as well as environmental, spiritual, emotional, & intellectual dimensions

  1960–1970
• Wellness is a positive quality and the integration of the physical, intellectual, emotional, environmental, spiritual, and social dimensions of health to form a whole “health person”
• Philippine Constitution of 1987 Article XIII, Sec 11: 'The State shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health, and other social services available to all the people at affordable cost. There shall be priority for the needs of the underprivileged sick, elderly, disabled, women, and children. The State shall endeavor to provide free medical services to paupers'
• Prevention

  Identify risk factors to reduce the risk of injury or illness
• Health is considered a basic human right
• Episodic care

  Seeking treatment for injury or illness
• 3 basic positive concepts of health

  • Reflecting concern for the individual as a total person
  • Placing health in the context of the environment
  • Equating health with productive & creative living
• Wellness

  Achievement of the highest level of health possible in each dimension of health. It is a measure of our status in each of the dimensions of health and is the key to unlocking an individual’s full potential. Largely determined by the decisions one makes about how to live his/her life; It is now the new health goal. A state of mind, a way of life that involves options that an individual takes to enjoy a healthy life
• Education in health care today is a topic of utmost interest to nurses in every setting in which they practice
• The current trends in health care are making it essential that clients be prepared to assume responsibility for self-care management
• Teaching is a major aspect of the nurse’s professional role
• Green, et.al, 1980: 'Any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health'
• Health Education

  A process concerned with designing, implementing, and evaluating educational programs that enable families, groups, organizations, and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting, and sustaining health
• Health Educators


  Take on profound responsibilities in using educational processes to promote health and influence well-being
• Future Trend 2: Global health strategies-integration of health education and action & issues

  Globalization, war, terrorism, social instability, disease, poverty, and environmental degradation are among the key challenges facing the world today
• Focus is on teaching for the promotion and maintenance of health
• For decades, patient teaching has been recognized as an independent nursing function
• Future Trends in Health Education

  • Return to population-based health promotion and maintenance vis-à-vis the hospital-based emphasis and preference for healthcare during the last few decades
  • Global health strategies-integration of health education and action & issues
  • Clear strategies for global health capacity-building at the national level must be developed as well as adequate training for public health professionals
• JCAHO-Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization established nursing standards for patient education

  1990s