L2- QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

  –Is based on realities and different viewpoints of individuals. –This type of research is designed to understand the variety of behavior and perception of the target audience. –It explores the meanings that individual or groups ascribes to social phenomena. –Results are descriptive rather then predictive.
• Characteristics of Qualitative Research

  –Human understanding and interpretation –Inductive approach –Flexible –Contextualized –The researcher is the main instrument
• Characteristics of Qualitative Research

  –Subjective –Open-ended questions –Wide and in-depth analysis
• Advantages of Qualitative Research

  –It has in-depth and detailed evaluation of the issues and topics studied. –The framework of the study can be revised when information and findings have been collected. –The data gathered from this type of research is stronger than those  in quantitative.
• Advantages of Qualitative Research

  –It is less costly. –Wide variety of information can be gathered since questions are open-ended. –Less number of respondents are needed.
• Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

  –The research quality depends on the skills of the researcher. –Factors are easily influenced by personal judgment and biases of the researcher. –Validity and reliability of the data is hard to determine. –Time-consuming
• Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

  –The data may sometimes be difficult to interpret. –Its open-ended questions obtain a lot of data which makes it hard for the researcher to sort and transcribe it, requiring longer time to analyze data.
• Historical Research – systematic study of past events. Examines the documents of the past to help researcher understand and connect it in the present time.
• –Ethnography – involves observing, exploring, documenting, and analyzing the ways and cultural beliefs of a group of people most especially the indigenous or minority group.
• Aspects of information in Ethnography

  • Cultural behavior
  • Cultural speech
  • Cultural artifacts
• Emic


  The way members of the culture envision their own world; insider’s view
• Etic


  Interpretation of the experiences of that culture; outsider’s view
• Phenomenological Research – systematic study of the lived experiences of individuals.
• Case Study – in-depth analysis of a single entity or a small group.

    - it is often used in the discipline of sociology, nursing and psychology.

    -researchers seek to understand and answer the question why such situation occurred.
• Narrative Analysis – focuses on a specific story as the subject matter of inquiry.

   - the premise of a narrative study is on how individuals make sense of their world by being able to communicate through constructing, reconstructing, and narrating stories.
• Grounded Theory – systematic collection of data through observation and interview to generate a comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon grounded in reality.