Act 4

• What phrase do the Witches use to cast a spell?

  "Double, double toil and trouble"
• What does the word "double" hint at in the Witches' spell?

  It hints at double meaning
• How does the gruesome list of body parts affect the scene's tone?

  It sets a dark, frightening tone
• What does the phrase "Something wicked this way comes" indicate about Macbeth?

  It shows how much he has changed
• How do the Witches manipulate Macbeth during their interaction?

  They play on his ambition for power
• What metaphor does Macbeth use to describe Scotland?

  Scotland is a ship, and he is a sailor
• What does the first apparition warn Macbeth about?

  It warns about Macduff
• What does the bloody child apparition tell Macbeth?

  No one born from a woman can harm him
• What does the crowned child apparition signify?

  Macbeth can't be beaten until Birnam Wood moves
• What does Macbeth's reaction to the Witches' predictions reveal about him?

  He believes he is invincible
• What does Lady Macduff express about her husband?

  She is angry and scared he has left
• How does Lady Macduff's comment reflect the state of Scotland?

  It shows morals have been turned upside down
• What does the dialogue between Lady Macduff and her son reveal?

  It shows their maternal bond
• How does the murderer refer to Lady Macduff's son?

  He calls him "egg" and "fry"
• What does the on-stage murder of Lady Macduff's son symbolize?

  Macbeth no longer cares about his crimes
• What does Lady Macduff compare herself to?

  A wren protecting her nest
• How does Shakespeare contrast Malcolm and Macbeth's kingship?

  Malcolm is kind, while Macbeth is cruel
• What does Malcolm test in Macduff?

  Macduff's loyalty to Scotland
• What does Macduff seek from Malcolm?

  To raise an army against Macbeth
• What creates dramatic irony in Malcolm's suspicion of Macduff?

  The audience knows Macduff's family is dead
• How does Macduff react to the news of his family's murder?

  He expresses disbelief and grief
• What does Macduff's response to Rosse's news reveal about him?

  He is deeply affected by the loss
• What does Macduff's statement about masculinity suggest?

  Men can be sensitive, not just aggressive
• What does the phrase "Thy royal father / Was a most sainted king" imply?

  Malcolm's father was a good king
• What does the theme of kingship suggest about Malcolm compared to Duncan?

  Malcolm is more cautious than Duncan
• How does Shakespeare portray the supernatural in the play?

  Through the Witches' evil powers and Edward's gifts
• What do the Witches' predictions reveal about their nature?

  They have multiple interpretations
• What role do the apparitions play in Macbeth's downfall?

  They instill false confidence in him
• How does Lady Macduff's character contrast with Lady Macbeth's?

  Lady Macduff is nurturing, Lady Macbeth is ruthless
• How does dramatic irony enhance the narrative of Macduff's loyalty?

  The audience knows his family is in danger
• What does Malcolm's cautious leadership suggest about his character?

  He is wise and learns from past mistakes
• What does the symbolism of the wren and owl represent in Lady Macduff's comparison?

  Power dynamics between the strong and weak
• How does King James I's reign influence the themes in Macbeth?

  It reflects concerns about kingship and legitimacy
• What does Macduff's loyalty demonstrate about the theme of loyalty in the play?

  It highlights the importance of loyalty to Scotland
• What does the phrase "bloody-sceptered" imply about Macbeth's rule?

  His violent actions make him unworthy
• What moral implications arise from Lady Macduff's statement about harm and good?

  It critiques the moral decay in Scotland