Circulatory System

• Key Functions - transportation of O2, CO2, waste, nutrients, immune system cells and hormones, maintains body temp and fluid levels
• PCotCS

  • Blood - a type of connective tissue made up of cells, and liquid and carries both nutrients and wastes
• PCotCS

  • Heart - a multi-chambered, muscular organ that pumps blood through the body
• PCotCS

  • Blood vessels - blood flows through the flow vessels, which are tubes that form a pipeline within the body
• Functions of Blood

  • Transports oxygen, water, nutrients, and other chemicals to the cell
  • Removes waste products from the tissues and delivers them to areas they can be removed from the body
  • Regulate body temp
  • Fight infections/heal wounds
• Plasma - Mostly water

  Blood cells platelets and dissolved substances (nutrients)  are suspended in plasma
• Red blood cell - Carries oxygen

  Contains hemoglobin that bind oxygen

  Once it is released, red blood cells transport carbon dioxide to the lungs

  Red blood cells are flat and disk-lie that curves inwards in the middle top and bottom
• White Blood Cell - Guards against infection

  Infection invades your body the number of white blood cells increases rapidly
• Platelet - Cell fragments

  Important component of blood clotting

  20  step process
• Blood vessels - blood moves through 3 types

  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
• Arteries - Carry blood from the heart to the tissue, under high pressure = thicker muscular walls, arteries branch into smaller vessels, narrowest are called arterioles which flow into capillaries
• Veins - returns blood from capillaries to heart, under little pressure = thinner muscular walls, veins contain flaps called valves allows blood flow to the heart
• Capillaries - smallest blood vessels, consist of a very thin layer of epithelial tissue in a moist membrane, enabling nutrients and oxygen to pass out of the blood, waste products to pass into the blood. Gas exchange takes place - oxygen dropped off to tissues via diffusion. Carbon dioxide from tissues go into blood
• In diffusion, molecules move across a membrane from one area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. 

  Molecules diffusing out of the blood and into the cells occurs in capillaries are in close contact with cells of your body

  The capillary network distributes oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products
• The Heart

  • The structure of your heart enables it to pump oxygen-poor blood to your lungs and oxygen rich blood to your entire body
• Atria - Right and left atrium TOP SMALLER section chamber of the heart, thin walls, receives blood from the body, smaller than ventricles, 
• Ventricles - Right and left ventricles BOTTOM BIGGER section chamber of the heart, thick walls, pumps blood out from the heart to the body, larger
• RIGHT side pumps deoxygenated blood (has CO2) (comes from body to be pumped from the lungs)
• LEFT side pumps oxygenated blood (O2) (comes from the lungs to be pumped to the rest of out body)
• Two Circuits of Blood Flow

  1. Pulmonary Circuit - carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs and back
  2. Systemic Circuit - carries oxygen rich blood to the body and back
• Deoxygenated blood:

  1. Vene cava inferior/superior
  2. Right atrium
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Pulmonary valve
  6. Pulmonary artery
  7. lungs
• Oxygenated blood:

  1. Lungs
  2. Pulmonary vein
  3. Left atrium
  4. Mitral valve
  5. Left ventricle
  6. Aortic valve
  7. body