cells

Cards (18)

  • Biological Levels of Organization
    1. Organelles -> tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within the cell
    2. Cells -> smallest unit of living things. Has many organelles inside it
    3. Tissues -> groups of cells with similar structure and function
    4. Organs -> groups of tissues that perform a specific function in an organism
    5. Organ Systems -> Groups of organs functioning together to make an organ system
    6. Organisms -> multiple organ systems organize together to compose organ system
  • Cell Theory
    1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
    2. The cell is the smallest unit of life
    3. New cells arise from pre-existing cells
  • Prokaryotes - Do NOT contain membrane bound organelles, No nucleus, unicellular, EG: bacteria cells
  • Eukaryotes - Contain membrane bound organelles and nucleus, unicellular or multicellular, EG: Animal and plant cells
  • Cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid found inside the cell, transport nutrients and waste throughout the cell
  • Cell Membrane - Surrounds entire cell, Phospholipid bilayer - double layer of fate molecules with embedded proteins, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
  • Nucleus - Controls all cell functions, houses genetic information, Contains nuclear membrane chromosomes and nucleolus 
  • Chromatin - Thread like material that condenses into chromosomes, composed of DNA
  • Nucleolus - Makes ribosomes that make proteins in organisms
  • Nuclear Membrane - Has nuclear pores which allows materials in and out, protects contents of the nucleus
  • ER - interconnecting canals that carry material throughout the cell, 2 types
    • Smooth ER: Has no ribosomes, creates lipids, enter pathways to travel throughout the cell
    • Rough  ER: Has ribosomes attached to it, enter pathways to travel throughout the cell
  • Ribosomes - proteins are made, protein synthesis
  • Golgi Apparatus - pile of membranous sacs, pinch off to form protein filled vesicles, stores, modifies and packages proteins, vesicles attach to cell membrane and release contents outside cell
  • Lysosomes - Formed by golgi, contains enzymes that break down large molecules - digests waste/old cell parts, white blood cells use lysosomes to destroy bacteria
  • Mitochondria - 2 membranes, inner membrane has finger-like projections called cristae, contains its own  DNA, provides energy through cellular respiration, powerhouse
  • Vacuoles - IN BOTH CELL PLANT AND ANIMAL, membrane bound storage sacs, animals have several, plants have one big one
  • Chloroplast - has chlorophyll, trap energy from sun to make glucose (photosynthesis), flattened sacs
  • Cell Wall - surrounds membrane as support, firm and gives cell shape