Organelles -> tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within the cell
Cells -> smallest unit of living things. Has many organelles inside it
Tissues -> groups of cells with similar structure and function
Organs -> groups of tissues that perform a specific function in an organism
Organ Systems -> Groups of organs functioning together to make an organ system
Organisms -> multiple organ systems organize together to compose organ system
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of one or more cells
The cell is the smallest unit of life
New cells arise from pre-existing cells
Prokaryotes - Do NOT contain membrane bound organelles, No nucleus, unicellular, EG: bacteria cells
Eukaryotes - Contain membrane bound organelles and nucleus, unicellular or multicellular, EG: Animal and plant cells
Cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid found inside the cell, transport nutrients and waste throughout the cell
Cell Membrane - Surrounds entire cell, Phospholipid bilayer - double layer of fate molecules with embedded proteins, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nucleus - Controls all cell functions, houses genetic information, Contains nuclear membrane chromosomes and nucleolus
Chromatin - Thread like material that condenses into chromosomes, composed of DNA
Nucleolus - Makes ribosomes that make proteins in organisms
Nuclear Membrane - Has nuclear pores which allows materials in and out, protects contents of the nucleus
ER - interconnecting canals that carry material throughout the cell, 2 types
Smooth ER: Has no ribosomes, creates lipids, enter pathways to travel throughout the cell
Rough ER: Has ribosomes attached to it, enter pathways to travel throughout the cell
Ribosomes - proteins are made, protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus - pile of membranous sacs, pinch off to form protein filled vesicles, stores, modifies and packages proteins, vesicles attach to cell membrane and release contents outside cell
Lysosomes - Formed by golgi, contains enzymes that break down large molecules - digests waste/old cell parts, white blood cells use lysosomes to destroy bacteria
Mitochondria - 2 membranes, inner membrane has finger-like projections called cristae, contains its own DNA, provides energy through cellular respiration, powerhouse
Vacuoles - IN BOTH CELL PLANT AND ANIMAL, membrane bound storage sacs, animals have several, plants have one big one
Chloroplast - has chlorophyll, trap energy from sun to make glucose (photosynthesis), flattened sacs
Cell Wall - surrounds membrane as support, firm and gives cell shape