Final Exam

Cards (1070)

  • No definitive “way of life”
  • Mississippian culture
    • Cahokia: close to modern-day St. Louis
  • North America: 9 million square miles
  • Land Bridge Theory – the belief that people came on foot when migrating
  • Divisions and Disputes between settlers and natives: How does one decide who owns the property? Does one acquire property rights by walking or roaming the land? Who owns the empty land? Can one claim land that is uncultivated, unfarmed, or unfenced?
  • Religion
    • Polytheistic
    • Natural gods
    • Creation stories
    • Similarities
  • Tribes – Eastern United States
    • Iroquois (Mohawk, Oneida, Onodaga, Cayuga, Seneca)
    • Algonkian
    • Siouan
    • Muskogean
  • Battles
    1. Swift attacks for territorial rights: hunting, fishing, harvest, etc.
    2. Power struggles
    3. Not over property rights
  • Martin Luther’s Protest: History of Criticism of the Catholic Church, Reformation Efforts, Excommunication
  • Renaissance Influence: The disappearance of the Dark Ages, “Rediscovery” of ancient texts, Printing Press, “Modern” writers
  • Southwestern groups
    • Anasazi in New Mexico – ancestors of the Puebla tribe
  • Cultures before the 16th century
    • Adena-Hopewell – Ohio Valley
    • Mississippian – Mississippi and Missouri River area and south to Florida
    • Southwestern groups – multiple tribes in multiple regions
  • Economy and trade
    1. Bartering system well established between tribes
    2. European settlers plug into the bartering network
  • Pre-1492 Estimate: 5 to 10 million native peoples
  • Gender relations in society and work
    1. Men
    2. Women
  • Languages
    • Over 30 languages are known
  • Life Cycle
    1. Birth Customs
    2. Naming Customs
    3. Marriage Rituals (Private ceremony, Public Ceremony)
    4. Death Rituals
  • Reformation Influence: History of the Catholic Church, Separation of Church and State Theory, Reformation of the Catholic Church in Europe, Doctrines of the Catholic Church Pre-Reformation
  • Turning Points in European History: Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration
  • John Calvin
    • Scholar and theologian, not a priest
    • France and later Switzerland
    • Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion
  • German nationalism and protest of Italian hierarchy in the Church
  • John Calvin: 'Protest'
  • Excommunication
  • Reaction of the Catholic Church
  • John Calvin is the Father of the French Protestant Church
  • Renaissance Meets Reformation Politically
  • English Protest Reform
    1. Creation of Anglican Church
    2. King as head of the church, not the pope
    3. Henry VIII vs. Pope Clement VII
  • Anabaptist Protest Reform Efforts
    1. Voluntary church membership
    2. Voluntary faith/church association
    3. Voluntary obligations to the State
  • Spain was a powerful force in exploration with a revival of Catholic piety
  • Reformation in Europe Religious Boundaries
  • Renaissance Meets Reformation Socially
  • Spain and Portugal in the early 1400s
  • Scandinavia had early exploration in the 9th and 10th centuries
  • John Calvin is the Father of the Lutheran Church
  • 2% of reform movement (politics)
  • History
    mid-1500s
  • Anabaptist Protest began in Zurich, Switzerland
  • Translation of Bible into “vulgar” German
    Common language
  • Religious Boundaries in Europe
    • Lutheranism
    • Calvinism
    • Anglicanism
    • Catholicism
  • English Protest History of Henry VII