exam 2

• Benzodiazepines


  • A class of psychoactive drugs used to treat anxiety disorders, acting as central nervous system depressants
• Anxiety Sensitivity


  Fear of experiencing anxiety-related symptoms or sensations, often leading to heightened anxiety
• Biological Challenge Test

  Procedure used to induce symptoms of anxiety in a controlled environment for diagnostic purposes
• Antianxiety Drug

  • Medications prescribed to reduce symptoms of anxiety disorders by decreasing nervousness and agitation
• Anxiety


  Feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome
• Brain Circuits


  Networks of interconnected neurons responsible for specific functions or behaviors
• Cognitive Therapy

  Type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and beliefs to alleviate emotional distress
• Avoidance Theory

  Psychological theory proposing that anxiety disorders develop when individuals avoid situations that provoke anxiety, thereby maintaining or exacerbating their fear
• Dreams


  • Mental experiences that occur during sleep, often involving vivid imagery and emotions
• Client-Centered Therapy


  Humanistic approach to therapy focused on providing a supportive and nonjudgmental environment in which clients can explore their feelings and experiences
• Conditioned Response

  Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
• Covert Desensitization


  Therapeutic technique used to reduce anxiety or fear by imagining or visualizing anxiety-provoking stimuli in a safe environment
• Family Pedigree Study

  Research method used to investigate the genetic basis of psychological disorders by examining patterns of disorder occurrence
• Exposure and Response Prevention


  Behavioral therapy technique used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder by gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli while preventing compulsive behaviors
• Anal Stage


  • Second stage of psychosexual development focusing on toilet training and control over bowel movements
• Anxiety Disorder

  Mental health condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry or fear that disrupts daily life
• Assertiveness Training


  Therapy aimed at helping individuals communicate their needs and desires effectively while respecting others
• Conditioning


  Process of learning associations between stimuli and responses
• Clomipramine


  • Tricyclic antidepressant used primarily in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Biofeedback


  Technique used to train individuals to control physiological processes such as heart rate or blood pressure
• Basic Irrational Assumptions

  • In rational-emotive therapy, deeply held beliefs that contribute to emotional distress
• Antidepressant Drugs


  • Medications used to treat depression by altering brain chemistry, typically by affecting neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine
• Compulsion

  Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to obsessive thoughts, often in an attempt to reduce anxiety or distress
• Conditioned Stimulus

  Previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response
• Electromyograph (EMG)


  Device used to measure and record electrical activity in muscles, often used in biofeedback therapy
• Diathesis-Stress
• Exposure Treatments


  Therapeutic interventions involving gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce fear and anxiety
• Flooding


  A behavioral therapy technique involving prolonged and intense exposure to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety
• Fear


  An emotional response to a real or perceived threat, characterized by physiological arousal and a desire to escape or avoid the threat
• Free-Floating Anxiety


  A general feeling of apprehension or unease without a specific trigger or cause
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder


  A chronic and excessive worry or anxiety about multiple events or activities, often without a specific trigger
• Maladaptive Assumptions


  Unhelpful or irrational beliefs that contribute to psychological distress and dysfunction
• Hoarding Disorder

  A mental health disorder characterized by persistent difficulty discarding possessions, resulting in excessive clutter and distress
• In Vivo Desensitization

  A therapeutic technique involving real-life exposure to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety
• Neutralizing

  Compulsive behaviors or mental acts performed to alleviate anxiety or distress associated with obsessions
• Moral Anxiety


  Anxiety arising from conflicts between one's actions or thoughts and personal moral or ethical standards
• Metaworries

  Worries about worrying, often associated with anxiety disorders
• Norepinephrine

  A neurotransmitter involved in the body's stress response, arousal, and mood regulation
• Antigen


  A substance that triggers an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. It can be a foreign substance like bacteria, viruses, or allergens
• Asthma


  A chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing