Aaron Beck

• what does beck believe?


  people are vulnerable to developing depression as a result of faulty cognitions that are automatic
• what 3 groups do the faulty cognitions fall into?

  1. Faulty information processing
  2. negative self-schemas
  3. the negative cognitive triad
• what is faulty information processing and give an example?

  Cognitive distortions/biases

  -eg minimisation of achievements
• what is a schema?

  a 'package' of information developed through experience that helps us to interpret the world around us
• what is a self-schema?


  a package of information we have about ourselves
• what does someone do if they have a negative self-schema?


  they interpret all information about us in a negative way
• give examples of negstive self schemas?

  ineptness schemas

  self-blame schemas

  negative self evaluation schemas
• what are ineptness schemas give an example?

  someone with depression expects to fail
• what are self-blame schema (example)?

  feel responsible for all misfortunes
• what are negative self evaluation schemas example ?


  constant reminder of worthless
• When did beck suggest negative schemas develop?


  in childhood and adolescence when authority figures (eg parents) put unrealistic demands and can be highly critical of them

  this creates a negative framework/schema which leads to their view of life being pessimistic into adulthood
• what can fuel these negative schemas?

  cognitive biases can fuel these negative schemas and VICE VERSA
• What is the cognitive triad?

  negative schemas and cognitive biases together
• what is the negative triad?


  it is this

  
• (The negative triad) give an example of a negative view about the world?


  the world is a cold hard place - no hope anywhere

  everyone is against me because i am worthless
• (The negative triad) give an example of a negative view about oneself?

  i am worthless and inadequate

  seeing themselves as hopeless/worthless. adds to low self esteem
• (The negative triad) give an example of a negative view about the future?

  nothing is ever going to improve ''the economy will never get any better''