Comparison of Approaches

• What is the main focus of behaviourism?

  Studying observable and measurable behaviour
• Why are mental processes considered irrelevant in behaviourism?

  They cannot be observed or measured
• How is behaviour learned according to behaviourism?

  Through interaction with the environment
• What is observational learning in behaviourism?

  Learning by observing and imitating role models
• What do behaviourists argue about internal mental processes?

  They can and should be studied scientifically
• What areas of behaviour do cognitive approaches investigate?

  Memory, perception, and thinking
• How are private processes studied in cognitive psychology?

  By making inferences from observable behaviour
• What does CC stand for in the context of learning?

  Classical Conditioning
• What is the basis of classical conditioning?

  Learning through association of stimuli
• What are reflexes made up of?

  A stimulus and its associated response
• What does OC stand for in learning theories?

  Operant Conditioning
• What is Skinner's theory about behaviour?

  Behaviours produce consequences for individuals
• What does SLT stand for?

  Social Learning Theory
• What are the four mediational processes in SLT?

  Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
• What is the role of attention in SLT?

  Noticing certain behaviours
• What does retention refer to in SLT?

  How well behaviour is remembered
• What is motor reproduction in SLT?

  The ability to perform observed behaviour
• What determines motivation in SLT?

  Whether behaviour was rewarded or punished
• What are the four lobes of the brain?

  Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
• What is the role of schemas in cognitive psychology?

  They act as mental frameworks for information
• How do schemas help us process information?

  They allow quick processing and prevent overwhelm
• What do computer models suggest about the human mind?

  The mind functions similarly to a computer
• What does MSM stand for?

  Multi-Store Model
• What are the components of the Multi-Store Model?

  Attention, rehearsal, and storage systems
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The bridge between cognitive and biological approaches
• How do PET and fMRI scans contribute to psychology?

  They show which parts of the brain are active
• What is systematic desensitization in therapy?

  • Therapy based on classical conditioning
  • Eliminates learned anxious responses
  • Associated with specific objects or situations
• How is operant conditioning applied in treatments?

  • Development of effective treatments
  • Token economy used in institutional settings
  • Treats patients with schizophrenia
• How are phobias treated using cognitive approaches?

  • Based on modeling techniques
  • Encourages appropriate responses to feared objects
  • Involves observing and imitating role models
• How has cognitive research impacted eyewitness testimony?

  • Reduced reliance on eyewitness testimony
  • Investigates effects of misleading information
  • Enhances understanding of memory processes
• How has cognitive therapy helped mental illnesses?

  • Understanding and treating depression
  • Use of therapies like CBT
  • Focus on cognitive processes and behaviours
• What is the reductionist view in psychology?

  Focuses on single stimulus-response mechanisms
• How does reductionism apply to Bandura's Bobo Doll study?

  It studies aggression through simple components
• What is the deterministic view in psychology?

  Behaviour is governed by internal biological causes
• How does determinism relate to animal research?

  General laws from animals may lack validity for humans
• What is the soft deterministic view in psychology?

  Humans can reason within cognitive limits
• What is the nurture perspective in psychology?

  Behaviour results from environmental stimulation
• How does nurture apply to social learning theory?

  People learn by observing and imitating others
• What is the nature perspective in psychology?

  Behaviour influenced by biological drives and genetics
• How does nature and nurture interact in psychology?

  Both influence behaviour and understanding