Unit 1 &2

• Census Metropolitan Area (CMA): an urban area in Canada with a population over 100,000. Centered around a city and generally extends beyond the borders of a city
• survey system: a grid system used to locate and identify parcels of land and roads.
• Isodemographic map: This is a map where a country’s population determines its size on the map. The shape of each country is the same shape as on a regular map, but the boundaries may be deformed.
• continuous Ecumene: The part of the country where there is a continuous, permanent settlement. These regions have the warmest climates and best food resources (farmland and fisheries)
• Examples of continuous ecumene: Southern Prairie provinces, southern parts of British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, and along the Atlantic coast.
• Discontinuous Ecumene: The part of the country where there are significant patches of settlement These regions have a colder climate, where the principal resources are forestry, mining, and hydroelectric power.
• Eg of discontinuous Ecumene: North, the mountainous regions (Coast Ranges, Rockies, Appalachians) and the Canadian Shield
• Population Density: the number of people per square Kilometer
• Deposition: the building up of eroded materials in a new location.
• subduction: the process in which one plate slides underneath another. The plates move into the earth's interior and is melted and recycled
• Rift Valley: plated separate from one another and a new rock is formed where plates separate
• Transform Boundary: Plates are made neither larger nor smaller, and move parallel but in opposite directions.
• Convergent Boundary: two plates that are moving towards each other.
• Divergent: where two plates move away from each other.
• Plate tectonics: the theory that the Earth's outer shell is made up of individual plates that move, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains and a formation of destruction around the crust.
• Convection Currents: The movement of a gas or liquid caused by changes in temperature
• Intrusive Rocks: igneous rocks that cool below the surface of the earth.
• Extrusive Rock: Igneous rocks formed from molten rock called lava that cools on the surface
• Faulting: process of breaking rocks apart by the movement of plates
• Folding: type of earth movement resulting from the horizontal compression of rock layers by internal forces of the earth along plate boundaries.
• Erosion: the movement of broken up pieces of rock
• Weathering: the breaking down of rocks
• Mid Ocean Ridge: a feature created by the spreading of the sea floor where two plates are diverging.
• Transition Zone: a part of the Earth's mantle located between the lower mantle and the upper mantle
• Continental Drift: the movement of continents resulting from the motion of tectonic plates
• Subduction Zone: The boundary between the oceanic and continental plates where one plate is forced under the other
• Sedimentary Rock: sediments (sand, gravel, and dirt) are pressed together over time and become a rock
• Metamorphic Rocks are made from other rocks. Heat and pressure help change an igneous or sedimentary rock into a new kind of rock It is buried very deep in the earth's crust and sometimes happens when mountains are being made or two plates are pushing against each other.
• Igneous Rock is formed when a magma cools and hardens.
• Lava: Magma that erupts onto the surface
• Glaciation: the process of ice advancing and covering large areas of land.
• Highlands: The mountainous regions of the country, which are mostly in the north and west.
• Canadian Shield: Oldest / largest Landform. Formed as a result of volcanism, faulting, and folding. Major economic activities – Mining / Forestry /Hydroelectricity. Huge supply of fresh water (glaciation)
• Lowland: Interior Plains, Great Lakes St Lawrence Lowlands, Hudson Bay Lowlands
• Highland: Western Cordillera, Appalachian Mountains, Intuition Mountains.
• Western Cordillera: Collision of the Pacific and North American Plate
• Appalachian Mountains: Oldest / formed in the Paleozoic Era when the North American plate collided with the Eurasian and African Plate).Eroded over time, and large glaciers melted / formed harbours at the base
• Innuition Mountains: Western Cordillera and Appalachian regions extend into the Southern US. Western Cordillera and Appalachian regions extend into the Southern US
• FACTORS THAT AFFECT RURAL SETTLEMENT

  PATTERNS: Nature of the resources, Transportation methods, Role of the government
• Nature of the resources that affected people in the area in the first place

  Example: the settlement pattern in a rich agricultural region will be quite different

  from the pattern in an area based on commercial fishing