BC

• Units of measurement are developed in the Americas and major Bronze Age civilizations: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Elam, and the Indus Valley around 3000 BC
• Oldest extant record of a unit of length, the cubit-rod ruler, is from Nippur

  2650 BC
• Inferences about scientific discoveries in the Indus Valley region are based only on archaeological digs
• Scientific advances of the Bronze Age were also prompted by the increase in trade
• Primitive positional notation for numerals seen in Babylonian cuneiform numerals

  2000 BC
• Pythagorean triples are discussed in Babylon and Egypt

  2000 BC
• Greece rising in importance

  Third millennium BC
• Ancient Egyptians study anatomy as recorded in the Edwin Smith Papyrus


  Early 2nd millennium BC
• Many early innovations of the Bronze Age were prompted by the increase in trade
• Concept of area recognized in Babylonian clay tablets, beginning the study of geometry

  2100 BC
• The Indus Valley script remains undeciphered with very little surviving fragments of writing
• The first deciphered numeral system is that of the Egyptian numerals, a sign-value system


  3000 BC
• Timeline for scientific discoveries begins at the Bronze Age
• Oldest evidence for the existence of units of weight and weighing scales in Fourth Dynasty Egypt

  2600 BC
• Multiplication tables are present in Babylon

  2000 BC
• Babylonians solve quadratic equations relating areas and sides of rectangles

  2100 BC
• Similar triangles and side-ratios studied in Egypt for construction of pyramids, paving the way for trigonometry


  Early 2nd millennium BC
• Major civilizations of the Bronze Age

  • Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Greece