History and theories of intelligence

• What is the title of Chapter 11 in the required reading?

  Theories and measurement of intelligence
• Who are the authors of the required reading?

  Maltby, Day, and Macaskill
• What is the focus of this week's lecture in PSYC132?

  Cognitive ability testing and its history
• What are the key historical figures in intelligence testing mentioned?

  • Sir Francis Galton: early interest in intelligence measurement
  • Alfred Binet: developed the first intelligence test
  • Lewis Terman: U.S. developments of IQ testing
  • William Stern: concept of intelligence quotient (IQ)
• What did Sir Francis Galton contribute to the field of intelligence?

  Early interest in measuring intelligence
• Who developed the first intelligence test?

  Alfred Binet
• What was the purpose of Binet's intelligence test?

  To identify special educational needs in children
• What is the name of the intelligence test developed by Terman?

  Stanford-Binet test
• What did William Stern develop related to intelligence?

  The concept of intelligence quotient (IQ)
• What was the Army Alpha test designed for?

  Fast assessment of soldiers' cognitive abilities
• What is the main focus of Charles Spearman's theory?

  General intelligence ('g') and specific abilities
• What are the two main tests devised to measure 'g'?

  • Weschler tests
  • Raven’s progressive matrices
• What is the average score used for in the Weschler tests?

  As a comparator for all ages
• What is the aim of Raven’s progressive matrices?

  To be free from cultural influence
• How does the Army Beta test differ from the Army Alpha test?

  Beta is less focused on language skills
• How many children were tested in Binet's original intelligence test?

  50 children
• What was a significant contribution of Binet to psychology?

  The concept of mental age
• What year was the Stanford-Binet test published?

  1916
• What was the purpose of the Army Beta test?

  To assess non-literate individuals' abilities
• What are the implications of the political eugenics movements mentioned?

  They influenced early 20th-century intelligence testing
• What is the relationship between conscientiousness and educational success?

  Conscientiousness predicts educational success
• What are the key differences between entity theory and incremental theory of intelligence?

  • Entity theory: Intelligence is fixed at birth
  • Incremental theory: Intelligence can grow and develop
• What is the significance of the term 'nature versus nurture' coined by Galton?

  It refers to the debate on heredity and environment
• What did Galton contribute to statistical concepts?

  Regression to the mean and correlation
• What was one of Galton's inventions related to data collection?

  First survey as a data collection method
• What was Binet's role at the Sorbonne?

  Lab director studying mental processes
• What year did Binet create the first intelligence test?

  1911
• What was the focus of Binet's commission for the French government?

  Identifying special needs in children
• How did Terman's Stanford-Binet test improve upon Binet's original test?

  It revised norms and included new items
• What was the sample size for Terman's Stanford-Binet test?

  1000 children
• What is the significance of the Army Alpha and Beta tests?

  They assessed cognitive abilities for military purposes
• What are the implications of the normal distribution curve of intelligence scores?

  It illustrates the spread of intelligence in the population
• What is the purpose of the Weschler tests?

  To measure general intelligence across ages
• What is the main focus of Raven’s progressive matrices?

  To infer relationships between objects
• What is the significance of the Weschler-Bellevue test?

  It was one of the first Weschler tests
• What year was the Weschler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) published?

  1939
• What type of tasks are included in the Weschler tests?

  Verbal arithmetic and block design
• How do the simulated items in the Weschler tests relate to intelligence measurement?

  They assess various cognitive abilities
• What is the significance of the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices?

  It assesses abstract reasoning without language
• What is the aim of the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices?

  To infer relationships between objects abstractly