UCSP

• Knowledge - it refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
• Beliefs - the perception of accept reality. Reality refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material.
• Social Norms - these establish expectations of a society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirement of the time, place or situation.
• FORMS OF SOCIAL NORMS

  • Folkways
  • Mores
  • Value
  • Technology
  • Language
  • Symbol
  • Laws
• Folkways - the patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of living.
• Mores - the set of ethical standards and moral obligation as dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good or bad.
• Values - anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable.
• Technology - the practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished products.
• Language - a system of symbols with specific meanings in a given society that allows people to communicate with one another.
• Symbol - refers to objects, gestures, words or images that convey a certain idea or belief.
• Laws - sometimes based on mores or enacted to protect the people from bad effects of outdated mores.
• Human Evolution - is a natural or biological change occuring in a population across successive generations.
• Charles Darwin - He believed that modern humans evolved from a family of apes (hominids) or primates. Theory of Evolution.
• The evolution of man became an important concern in the emergence of different societies. Early man's development serves as an avenue in analyzing the progress of our society.
• OUR HUMAN ANCESTORS:

  • Homo Habilis
  • Homo Rudolfensis
  • Homo Erectus
  • Homo Heidelbergenesis
  • Homo Florensiensis
  • Homo Neanderthalensis
  • Homo Sapiens
• HOMO HABILIS - named as "Handy Man" bevause of its ability to make and use stone tools.
• HOMO RUDOLFENSIS - species characterized by longer face, larger molar and premolar teeth, and having a larger barin case compared to that of Homo Habilis.
• HOMO ERECTUS - species name "Upright Man" with a body proportions like modern humans.
• HOMO HEIDELBERGENESIS - species with large brow ridge and short wide bodies that lived about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago in Europe and Africa.
• HOMO FLORESIENSIS - Species nicknamed "Hobbit" due to their small stature with a height of 3 feet and lived 95,000 to 17,000 years ago in the island of Flores, Indonesia along with other dwarfted animal species.
• HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS - also knows as "Neanderthal Man" it is the closest relative of the modern humans. The first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering food, and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles. They lived about 20,000 to 28,000 years ago.
• HOMO SAPIENS - species name means "Wise Man" The present human race belongs to this species. Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to be anatomically modern humans and lived in the last Ice Age of Europe from 40,000 to 10,000.
• THE ASPECTS OF CULTURE

  • Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive
  • Shared and contested
  • Learned through socialization
  • Patterned social interactions
  • Integrated and at times unstable
  • Transmitted through socialization
  • Requires language and other forms of communication
• THE FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE

  • Culture defines situations
  • Culture defines attitudes, values, and goals
  • Culture defines myths, legends, and the supernatural
  • Culture provides behavior patterns
• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

  • A product of human interaction
  • A social heritage that is complex and socially transmitted
  • Provides socially acceptable patterns for meeting biological and social needs
  • A distinguishing factor
  • An established pattern of behavior
  • Cumulative
  • Meaningful to human beings
• LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY - it is an interdisciplinary study of how language shape and affect social life. It is primarily concerned with studying how languages influence the exchange of communication.
• CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY - it is the study of human societies and cultures, focusing on the ways people live, organize themselves, and create meaning in their lives.
• BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY - focuses on the biological and physical aspects of human beings. It includes the study of human evolution, skeletal biology, etc.
• ARCHAEOLOGY - concentrates the study of past human cultures and societies through the examination of material remains.
• APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY - it involves methods and insights to address practical issues and solve real world problems.
• MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY - concerned with the bio-cultural understanding of humans and their works in relation to health and disease.
• ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION - the comparative study of religion.
• FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY - it examines the remains of human to find their identity.
• POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY - it concentrates on the ability of political processes.
• Branches of Anthropology

  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Biological Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Applied Anthropology
  • Medical Anthropology
  • Anthropology of Religion
  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Political Anthropology
• POLITICAL THEORY - it deals with the accumulation of principles identifying with the bases, structure, conduct, and operations of the state.
• COMPARATIVE POLITICS - focuses on companion of different political system.
• INTERNATIONAL RELATION -studies the relationship relations between state and nation.
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION - study of public policies, implementation and systems.
• PUBLIC POLICY - study of policy making process, the evaluating of policies.