End of the war

• When did the Spring Offensive begin?

  21 March 1918
• Who launched the Spring Offensive and why?

  Germany launched it as a final attempt to win the war before American troops arrived in large numbers
• What new military tactic did Germany use in the Spring Offensive?

  Stormtrooper tactics - fast, lightly equipped soldiers aiming to disrupt the enemy lines
• Why did the Spring Offensive initially succeed?

  Surprise attacks, stormtroopers tactics, weak British army, and unprepared allied defenses
• What problems caused the German Spring Offensive to fail?

  Troop exhaustion, overstretched supply lines, high casualties, lack of tanks/vehicles, and unclear objectives
• How many casualties did the German suffer during the offensive?

  Around 800,000
• What key leadership change helped the Allies respond?

  General Foch was appointed Supreme Allied Commander
• What was the long term impact of the Spring Offensive on Germany?

  It marked Germany's last major offensive and led to the allied counter attacks and eventual German defeat
• What offensive followed the failure of the Spring Offensive?

  The allied hundred days, beginning in August 1918
• What major battle started the Hundred Days offensive?

  The Battle of Amiens
• What general led the allied forces during the hundred days offensive?

  General Foch
• What new military technologies were used effectively by the allies?

  Tanks, aircraft, and coordinated artillery barrages
• How did the German high command describe 8 August 1918?

  "The black day of the German Army" due to mass surrenders and a major defeat
• What was the role of American troops in the Hundred Days offensive?

  They provided fresh reinforcements, boosting allied strength and morale
• How did the offensive impact German morale?

  It caused mass desertions, lowered morale, and forced the German army to retreat
• What significant German defense did the Allies break through during the Hundred Days Offensive?

  The Hindenburg Line
• What was the outcome of the Hundred Days Offensive?

  Germany was pushed back, forcing its leaders to seek an armistice
• When was the armistice signed, officially ending the fighting?

  11 November 1918
• Why was the Hundred Days Offensive significant?

  It ended the stalemate, forced Germany's surrender, and led to the end of World War I