blood

• plasma proteins

  • albumin
  • globulin
  • fibrinogen & prothrombin
  • serum
  • plasma
• Albumin - maintains blood pressure, required for clotting and bone formation and restructuring
• •Globulin - involved in defence against infection also maintains blood pressure
• •Serum - plasma without fibrinogen/fibrin
• Plasma -

  • 60% of blood
  • water,
  • electrolytes,
  • plasma proteins,
  • nutrients,
  • gases,
  • waste products,
  • hormones,
  • enzymes and antibodies
• Red blood cells – erythrocytes
• Red blood cells

  •Produced in red bone marrow

  •Non nucleated biconcave discs

  •Filled with haemoglobin

  •Main function - to carry oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin from lungs to tissues
• Erythropoiesis is the production of erythrocytes
• Erythropoiesis

  • Controlled by the hormone erythropoietin secreted by kidney
  • Regulated by the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
  • Haemoglobin synthesized from iron, folic acid and vitamin B12
  • Immature red blood cells are known as reticulocytes
• White blood cells -  leucocytes•Divided into two groups :

  • Granulocytes - granular cytoplasm and multilobed nucleus also known as - polymorphonuclear leucocytes
  • Agranulocytes - have a clear cytoplasm
• Agranulocytes

  • Lymphocytes - support the immune system. 
  • Classified as B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes
  • Monocytes - the largest leucocyte.•
  • Their function is phagocytosis
• Thrombocytes or platelets- Small non nucleated cells•Involved in blood clotting by

  Clumping together to plug defects in the wall of small blood vessels

  Release seratonin at damaged blood vessel to reduce blood flow by causing constriction of the area