Science (3rd quarter)

• Wave - is a periodic disturbance that moves away from a source and carries energy with it
• Medium - is the material through which a wave travels
• Wavelength - Distance between any successive identical part of the wave
• Period - time for particles to make one complete vibrational cycle
• Frequency - Refers to the number of waves produced in one second
• Amplitude - Distance from the midpoint to the highest or lowest point of a wave
• Mechanical wave - Requires a medium
• Electromagnetic wave - doesn't require medium
• Transverse wave - it is a wave that moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion
• Wave crest - the highest point in a wave
• Wave height - it is the vertical distance between the wave trough and the wave crest
• Longitudinal wave - it is a wave that is parallel to the direction of the wave motion
• Rarefaction - A region where the particles are furthest apart
• Compression - a region where the particles are closest together
• Pitch - refers to the highness and lowness of the sound
• Loudness - refers to how soft or how intense the sound is as perceived by the ear and interpreted by the brain
• Small amplitude of sound waves = soft sound
• Large amplitude of sound waves = loud sound
• Faster sound wave vibration = shorter-period, Higher-pitch
• Slower sound wave vibration = Longer-period, lower-pitch
• Greater wavelength - lower-frequency
• Lesser wavelength - greater-frequency
• The essence of light is white light. Colors are made up of mixture of lightness and darkness. - Aristotle
• Sir Isaac Newton - said that, Light is composed of colored particles. “ Particle Theory of Light”
• Christian Huygens - said that, Light is a wave. The light is carried through “Ether”
• Max Planck - said that, Light is a wave and a particle. The Dual Nature of Light
• James clerk Maxwell - said that, “Light is an Electromagnetic wave that does not require any material medium to travel.”
• Optics - A branch of physics that studies electromagnetic radiation (for example, light and infrared radiation), its interactions with matter, and instruments used to gather information due to these interactions.
• Electromagnetic waves - are transverse waves; can travel through a vacuum ; travel at exactly the same speed in a vacuum, the speed of light, 300,000,000 m/s.
• Radiowaves, microwaves,infrared,visible light - Have LONGER wavelength ,LOWER frequency ,LOWER Energy
• Ultraviolet , x-ray, gamma ray - Have SHORTER wavelength ,HIGHER frequency , HIGHER Energy
• Visible light - is one of the electromagnetic waves with a wavelength which can be perceived by the human eye.
• Sir Isaac Newton experiment in 1665 shows the bending of light through glass prism .The white light is separated into its component colors called DISPERSION.
• Wavelength of the Wave is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to its Frequency and Energy
• RED has the LONGEST wavelength but LOWEST Frequency and Energy
• VIOLET has the SHORTEST Wavelength but HIGHEST Frequency and Energy
• White - REFLECT BACK ALL THE VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS of light that shine on them
• black - ABSORB ALL COLORS OF LIGHT AND REFLECT NONE.
• Heat - is an energy that is transferred from one object to another object due to the difference in their temperature. It is simply called as ‘energy in transit’.
• Temperature - is the measure of how hot or cold an object is.