Child and Adolescence

• Early Adulthood

  Period of self-discovery, independence quest, and adventure, building meaningful relationships, exploring job options, committing to long-term projects
• It is critical to comprehend the phases of human development and the responsibilities that go along with them to promote healthy development, assist people on their journeys, and improve general well-being
• Early childhood

  Characterized by advancements in social, linguistic, and physical skills, kids start to investigate their freedom and show initiative
• People experience major changes in their physical, cognitive, emotional, and social states from birth till the end of their days
• Infancy

  Defined by fast physical development, emergence of senses, and establishment of early relationships
• Late Adulthood

  Characterized by soul-searching, wisdom, adaptation to aging, wrestling with the psychological dilemma of integrity against hopelessness, finding meaning and fulfillment in life, preserving social ties, embracing the aging process, adjusting to cognitive and physical changes
• Adolescence

  Major shifts in social and physical domains, exploring individuality, gaining freedom, establishing personal connections, dealing with the psychological dilemma of identity vs role uncertainty
• Middle Adulthood

  Defined by stability and productivity, helping teenagers, contributing to the well-being of the next generation through parenting, community involvement, and career consolidation
• Prenatal period

  Lasts from conception until delivery, involves quick and complex changes setting the stage for later physical, cognitive, and emotional development
• Human development

  Occurs throughout several phases, each with its obstacles, turning points, and developmental activities
• Middle and Late Childhood

  Development of social skills, pursuit of academic goals, and ongoing cognitive growth, acquiring a feeling of industry and competence through formal schooling and structured activities
• Development of infant and toddler

  Socio-emotional development of infant and toddler
• Attachment Theory

  1. Beginning of attachment occurs within the first 6 months of a baby's life

  2. Crying, Smiling, Gazing etc.

  3. Healthy attachment needs to establish an enduring emotional bond characterized by a tendency to seek and maintain closeness to a specific figure, especially during stressful situations
• Lifespan Approach
• Temperament categories

  • Activity Level
  • Mood
  • Threshold for Distress
  • Rhythmicity
  • Intensity of Response
  • Approach-Withdrawal
  • Distractibility
  • Persistence
  • Adaptability
• Children with good attachment relationships make better adjustments in future life
• Attachment Theory
• Socio-emotional development is the ability to master emotion and relate to others
• Development is multidimensional
• Temperament captures the ways that people differ in emotional reactions, activity level, attention span, persistence, and ability to regulate emotions
• Feeding is not central to babies' emotional well-being, consistent involvement of caregivers is more important
• Percentage distribution of temperament types

  • Easy Child - 40%
  • Difficult Child - 10%
  • Slow-to-warm-up Child - 5-15%
• Responsive interaction is key to a good start in social development
• Crucial years for Infant and Toddler development
• Dimensions of development

  • Physical Aspect
  • Emotional Aspect
  • Social Aspect
  • Cognitive Aspect
• Temperament is the emotional disposition of an individual
• Temperament types

  • Easy Child
  • Difficult Child
  • Slow-to-warm-up Child
• 40%
• Between 5% and 15% of babies and children are slow-to-warm-up
• 3 Basic Types of Temperaments

  • Easy temperament
  • Difficult temperament
  • Slow-to-warm-up temperament
• Benefits of socio-emotional development

  • Healthy relationship
  • Self-regulation
  • Empathy and Compassion
  • Academic Success
  • Resilience
  • Communication Skills
  • Problem Solving
  • Behavioral Regulation
  • Life Satisfaction
• Other words such as "spirited" or "feisty" have been suggested because they sound more positive; however, the word "difficult" is used here because it is the established term in the scientific literature
• Development of Emotions

  • Social and Emotional Development
  • Emotional Expression
  • Receptivity to Other's Emotion
  • Emerging Sense of Self
  • Forming Attachment
  • Interaction with Others (Adult)
  • Pakikiramdam or Sensitivity
  • Appreciating Diversity
• About 40% of children do not fit into any one category; instead, they have a combination of these qualities
• 10%
• About 40% of babies and children have an easy temperament
• Negative in mood
• Approximately 10% of babies and children have a difficult temperament
• Adjust slowly to new experiences
• 1. 15%