Separating techniques: Atomic structure and the periodic table: Chemstry: GCSE (9:1)

• Mixture


  A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically joined.

  
• Filtration

  Separates insoluble solids from liquids.

  
• Crystallisation


  The formation of crystals by cooling a saturated solution

  
• Simple distillation


  Used to separate a liquid from a solution

  
• Fractional distillation


  separation of a liquid mixture into fractions with different boiling points using a fractionating column.

  
• Solution


  A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

  
• Solvent


  A substance which is capable of dissolving other substances

  
• Solute


  A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

  
• Insoluble


  incapable of being dissolved in a given solvent

  
• Soluble


  capable of being dissolved in a given solvent

  
• Saturated


  A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperature

  
• Chromatography


  Separates the components of a mixture based on their solubility.

  
• Pure substance


  Either a single element or a single compound

  
• Filtrate


  Liquid that has passed through a filter

  
• Residue

  The insoluble solid left in the filter paper