Particle theory: Bonding structure and the properties of matter: Chemistry: GCSE (9:1)

• Solid


  Definite shape and volume

  
• Liquid


  Definite volume but no definite shape

  
• Gas


  No definite shape or volume

  
• Melting point


  The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

  
• Boiling point

  The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

  
• Particle theory

  Matter is made up of tiny particles which are represented as small solid spheres which are constantly moving.

  
• Uses of particle theory

  Explaining changes of state

  
• Movement of particles in a solid


  Vibrate about a fixed position

  
• Movement of particles in a liquid

  Move around and slide past one another

  
• Movement of particles in a gas

  Move freely and quickly in all directions

  
• Limitations of particle theory


  no differences between forces or particles

  
• Solid --> Liquid

  Melting
• Liquid --> Solid


  Freezing
• Liquid --> Gas


  Boiling
• Gas --> Liquid

  Condensing
• Matter


  Anything that has mass and takes up space
• (s)

  Solid

  
• (l)

  Liquid

  
• (g)

  Gas

  
• (aq)


  aqueous (dissolved in water)

  
• When a substance is heated


  Particles stay the same size but move further apart, causing the substance to expand

  
• When a substance cools


  Particles stay the same size, but move closer together, causing the substance to contract