Carbon: Bonding structure and the properties of matter: Chemistry: GCSE (9:1)

• Number of bonds between atoms in diamond

  4

  
• Allotrope


  Different forms of the same element

  
• Number of bonds between atoms in graphite

  3

  
• Properties of diamond

  Translucent, Hard, High melting point, Does not conduct electricity

  
• Uses of diamond

  cutting tools and jewellery

  
• Properties of graphite

  Soft, Slippery, good conductor of heat and electricity

  
• Reason graphite is soft


  Weak forces between layers which can slide over each other.

  
• Reason graphite and graphene conduct electricity

  One spare electron is delocalised and can carry charge through the layerr
• Graphene


  A single layer of graphite one atom thick.

  
• Uses of graphene

  Electronics and composites

  
• Composite

  Materials made of two or more different materials, containing a matrix and a reinforcement.
• Fullerene

  A large cabon molecule with a hollow shape

  
• Buckminsterfullerene


  Carbon molecule C60, 60carbon atoms arranged in the form of hollow sphere.

  
• Carbon nanotubes


  Tiny, hollow tubes made of carbon atoms with a high length to diameter ratio

  
• Properties of carbon nanotubes

  High tensile strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity

  
• Uses of carbon nanotubes

  Electronics, strong materials