6.2

• Imperialism in Africa: longstanding importation of slaves, and exportation of guns, alcohol, manu goods. Importation of African natural resoucres palm oil + diamonds
• later half of 1800s, Euros expanded presence in Africa with military tech
• Quinine: A drug used to treat malaria, reduced danger
• Steamships assisted trips when horses caught diease and died
• Suez Canal: 1869, connects Red Sea to Mediterranean Sea, French managed, worked by corvée Egyptian workers (by tax)
• Sierra Leone: 1787, home for freed people from throughout British Empire who had been enslaved
• Gold Coast: Ghana, Asante Emp
• Berlin Conference: 1884 - 1885; meeting of European Powers to provide an orderly colonization of Africa
• Borders of the Berlin Conference divided long unified societies into different colonies and united longtime rivals groups into same colonies
• Afrikaners: of European/Dutch descent; Cape Cod
• Boer War: British vs. Afrikaners and Africans for land, forcing into refugee camps segregated by race (concentration camps), white camps received activist help, blacks didn't
• King Leopold II: owned Congo personally, ruthless system of econ exploitation of Congo Free State profits
• Brutal conditions for Congo people: no pay, spouses held captive, etc.
• East Indian Co. (EIC): controlled Indian subcontinent after Mughal Empire
• Dutch East Indian Co (VOC): monopoly on trade between the Cape of Good Hope S Africa + Java, gov took over 1799 to create Indonesia
• Britain leading econ power: colonies provide raw resoucres and its colonies (settler) provided markets for manufactured goods
• Euros created spheres of influence in China: exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources
• Taiping Rebellion: starving peasants, workers, and miners attempted to overthrow Qing Dynasty, Yellow River changed course, and bubonic plague broke out--> internal problems allowed Euro influence in
• Boxers: anti-imperialist group attacked Chinese Christians and Western missionaries encouraged by Emp Cixi to kill foreigners
• Boxer Rebellion: more Chinese Christians killed than foreigners, undermined legit
• Colonization Society: leaders planned to est. colonies in Latin America
• Dutch gov: Dutch East Indies producing cash crops; not rice which farmers needed to survive, reforms failed
• British Malaya: end 19th, greatest producer of nat rubber
• Siam/Thailand: diplomatic relations, modernizing, industrialization = no imperialism
• Britain create penal colonies in Austrailia
• Monroe Doctrine: Euro nations should not intervene in the affairs of the countries in the Western Hemisphere
• Spanish-America War: Guam, Cuba, PR, and Phil
• Econ considerations, feelings of nationalism + cult superio = terr conquest
• Roosevelt Corollary: The US claimed the right to intervene in the affairs of other countries in the name of democracy if they were "unstable"
• Great Game: rivalry between Britain and Russia for Afghanistan/Central Asia