Biology 10 Vocabulary

• Metabolize


  The ability to eat or break down cells
• Stimuli


  Move/Interact in the environment
• Homeostasis


  To maintain a balance within the organism
• Schleiden and Schwann


  Two scientists that set the foundation of cell theory. Schleiden studied plants and found they were made up of cells and Schwann studied animal cells. They came to the conclusion that all living things are made up of cells
• Spontaneous Generation


  The idea that cells just spawned out of nowhere
• Spontaneous Generation


  • When they boiled broth and some covered it with a lid and others didn't
• Controlled Variable

  The variable that stays the same throughout the experiment
• Manipulated Variable


  The variable that changes so scientists have different outcomes
• Responding Variable


  The outcome of the experiment, what changed
• Contrast


  Using one color to make the other colors brighter or more vibrant
• Resolution


  The clarity and sharpness of the image. Whether the image is blurry, pixelated or sharp
• Staining


  Using a chemical to help make the cell more visible
• Fluorescence


  When the light directed at an object reflects with a different color
• Brightfield Microscopy


  When bright light is shown on a white background making the specimen more visible
• Darkfield Microscopy


  When the specimen is viewed under low light and a black background. The little amounts of light are absorbed into the specimen
• Phase Contrast Microscopy


  View clear images of transparent cells using special optics without staining
• Confocal Microscope


  3D imaging using lasers and computer technology to view specimens
• Transmission Electron Microscope

  Pumping electrons into the thin specimen to view the image. Comes with high resolution and image of internal
• Scanning Electron Microscope


  Pumping electrons into bigger specimens to view the image. Comes with low resolution and only surface images
• Genetically Modified Organisms


  Editing the genetic code of organisms to getting the best possible crop yield or eliminate weakness
• Chromosomes

  The DNA is kept in the chromosomes which is in the nucleus
• Human cells


  • Contain nuclei that house genetic material
• Examples of prokaryotes

  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
• Examples of eukaryotes

  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Fungi
  • Protists
• Cell Membrane


  • Regulates the passage of substances
• Cell Wall


  • Plant cells have cell walls for structural support
• Cytoplasm

  • Contains organelles and cellular fluid
• Microtubules and Microfilaments

  • Microtubules help in cell division and movement
• Cytoskeleton

  • Maintains cell shape and structure
• Nucleolus


  • Involved in ribosome synthesis
• Chromatin


  • Contains DNA and proteins in the nucleus
• Nuclear Envelope


  • Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
• Nuclear Pores


  • Regulate the passage of molecules
• Nucleus


  • Houses the cell's genetic material
• Ribosomes


  • Synthesize proteins in the cell
• Endoplasmic Reticulum


  • Involved in protein and lipid synthesis
• Mitochondria


  • Produce energy in the form of ATP
• Chlorophyll


  • Captures light energy for photosynthesis
• Chloroplasts


  • Carry out photosynthesis in plant cells
• Vacuole


  • Plant cells have large central vacuoles for storage