Structure of the human heart

• Complete the missing labels:

  Heart diagram:

  A) Aorta

  B) Right Atrium

  C) Left atrium

  D) Left ventricle

  E) Right ventricle

  F) Pulmonary artery

  G) Pulmonary veins

  H) Superior vena cava

  I) Inferior vena cava

  J) aortic valve

  K) pulmonary valve

  
• How is the left ventricle adapted?

  • Has a thick muscular wall in comparison to right ventricle
  • enables larger contractions of muscle to create higher pressure
  • ensures blood reaches all body cells
• Name and describe the two veins that are connected to the heart.

  • Vena cava - carries deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
  • Pulmonary vein - carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
• Name and describe the two arteries that are connected to the heart.

  • Pulmonary artery - carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
  • Aorta - carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to rest of the body
• Complete the following about the valves in the heart.

  • Ensure unidirectional blood flow
  • semilunar valves are located in aorta and pulmonary artery near the ventricles
  • atrioventricular valves between atria and ventricles
• Describe when the valves in the heart open.

  • Valves open if the pressure is higher behind them compared to in front of them.
  • AV valves open when pressure in atria > pressure in ventricles
  • SL valves open when pressure in ventricles > pressure in arteries
• What is the septum and what is its function?

  • Muscle that runs down the middle of the heart
  • separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • maintains high concentration of oxygen in oxygenated blood
  • maintaining concentration gradient to enable diffusion to respiring cells