Reaction of acids

• Write a general equation for the reaction of a metal with an acid.

  Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
• When metals react with acids they lose electrons, what type of reaction is that?


  Oxidation.
• Which metals do not react with acids?

  Copper, silver and gold.
• How can you identify an acid and metal from a salt?

  The metal is the same as the metal in the salt and the acid name matches the non-metal part of the salt.
• Name the acid used to make sodium chloride.

  Hydrochloric acid
• Name the acid used to make iron nitrate.

  Nitric acid.
• Name the acid used to make copper sulfate.

  Sulfuric acid.
• Name the acid used to make calcium carbonate.

  Carbonic acid.
• What is the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?

  HNO3
• What is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid?

  H2SO4
• What is the chemical formula of carbonic acid?

  H2CO3
• What are the three key steps in preparing a salt from an acid and a metal?

  Add excess metal to acid until it stops fizzing.

  Filter off unreacted metal.

  Evaporate off some of the water and leave to cool and crystalise.
• How can a prepared salt be dried?

  By patting dry with filter paper.
• How should a salt solution be heated?

  Gently with a water bath.
• When adding metal to acid in preparation of a salt, what is used to contain the reaction?

  A beaker.
• What 3 other substances can be used to prepare a soluble

  salt other than a metal?

  Metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal carbonate
• Name two substances used to neutralise an acid.

  Alkali or base.
• Name a type of substance that is an alkali.

  A soluble metal hydroxide.
• Name a type of substance that is an base.

  An insoluble metal hydroxide.
• What is the general equation for the reaction of an acid with a base or alkali?

  
  

  Acid + alkali (or base) --> salt + water
• What is the general equation for the reaction of an acid with a metal carbonate?

  Acid + metal carbonate --> salt + water + carbon dioxide
• What is an acid?

  Acids ionise to form H+ ions in water.
• What is an alkali?

  Alkalis ionise to form OH- ions in water.
• Name the ion that makes a substance alkaline.

  Hydroxide.
• State two ways pH can be measured.

  Using universal indicator with colour chart or a pH probe.
• What types of substances have a pH of 7?

  Neutral substances.
• Describe the pH of acids.

  Less than 7.
• Describe the pH of alkalis.

  Greater than 7.
• What is the ionic equation for all neutralisation reactions. 


  H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)
• Name the alkali that reacts with acid to form a salt but not

  water.

  Ammonia.
• Give the formula of the alkali that reacts with acid to form a salt but not water.

  NH3.
• Name the salt formed from reaction of ammonia and nitric

  acid.

  Ammonium nitrate.
• Give the formula of the salt formed from reaction of

  ammonia and nitric acid.

  NH4NO3
• What is a burrette?


  Accurately measures a variable volume.
• What is a pipette?


  Accurately measures a fixed volume.
• What is added to the flask in titration to find the end point?

  An indicator.
• Name a suitable indicator.

  Litmus dye.
• What colour is litmus dye in acid?

  Red.
• What colour is litmus dye in alkali?

  Blue