Migration

• It is the movement of people from one place/area to another due to various reasons
• There are 2 types of Migration:

  1. Internal migration
  2. External migration
• INTERNAL MIGRATION: Its the movement of people from one place to another within their country.

  It include;

  
  

  Rural rural migration: When a person moves from one rural area to another rural area within a country. E.g. village to village

  
  

  Rural urban migration: When a person moves for a rural area to urban area within a country. E.g. village to city

  
  

  Urban urban migration: When a person moves from an urban area to another urban area within a country. E.g. city to city
• EXTERNAL MIGRATION: The movement of people from one country to another. Also called international migration.
• Migrant: a person/ an individual that moving from one area to another due to various reasons
• Forced migrant: A person moving from one country to another against their own will & choice
• Voluntary migrant: a person moving from one place to another at their own will & choice
• Emigration: The movement of people out of a country
• Immigration: movement of people into a country
• Emigrant: a person moving out of a country
• Imigrant: a person moving into a country
• Migration balance/ net migration: the difference between the number of people moving into a country and the number of people moving out
• Net migration loss: This occurs when the numbers of emigrants are higher than immigrants. This causes population decline.
• Net migration gain: This occurs when the number of immigrants are higher than the number of emigrants. This causes population incline
• Voluntary migration: This is the movement of people from one country to another on their own will and choice. Examples of voluntary migrants are economic migrants (migrant workers) and nomads.

  Causes of Voluntary migration

  1. To find a job 
  2. For trade and economic expansion
  3. To be with family and friends
  4. Pioneers developing new areas
  5. Better climate 
  6. Better social amenities like hospitals, schools  
• Forced migration: This is the movement of people from one place to another against their own will and choice. Examples of forced migrants are refugees and asylum seekers. 

  Causes of Forced migration:

  1. Racial discrimination
  2. Religious and political persecution
  3. Forced labor (slavery)
  4. War
  5. Natural disasters/calamitites
• Types of migrants:

  • Refugees
  • Asylum seekers
  • Illegal immigrant
  • Internally displace persons
  • Economic migrants
  • Nomads
• 1. Better well-paid job opportunities->Areas with many well-paid jobs attract many people. 
  2. Better housing facilities->People move to areas with good-structured houses, spacious, in quiet areas with electricity. 
  3. Better transport systems->People move to areas with well-connected transport systems.
  4. Better well-equipped hospitals and schools->People move to areas with better social amenities like well-equipped schools and hospitals 
  5. Favorable weather and climate->People move to areas which experience moderate weather conditions and climate. Not too hot or too cold. 
• Pull factors: They are positive situations or good things that attract people to the areas they move to. 
• Push factors: They are negative situations or bad things that make people move out of an area.  
• Poorly paid job opportunities


  Push people away
• Poor housing facilities


  Cause people to move away
• Poor transport systems


  Cause people to move away
• Poorly equipped hospitals and schools


  Cause people to move away
• Unfavorable weather and climate


  Cause people to move away
• Refugees->They are people who have been forced to leave their home or country to escape danger.  
• Asylum seekers->They are people trying to get residence in another country because their life is in danger in their home country. 
• Illegal immigrants->They are people who move into a country without permission/legal requirements/personal documents like passports, ID. 
• Internally displaced persons->They are people who have fled their homes but continue to live in their own countries. 
• Economic migrants->They are people who leave their country to look for better jobs in other countries. Also called migrant workers