CPHM MOVEX

• 1. URBANIZATION –
• URBANIZATION: chaotic growth of cities will result in a multitude of economic and social problems. • The rise of slums, criminality, disease and unemployment • Overcrowding, inadequate housing facilities, poor environmental sanitation
• . INDUSTRIALIZATION – more women joining the work force. This may or may not have adverse effect on the family. Care of children will be entrusted to caretakers • Occupational hazards become a major concern • Air, soil and water pollutions
• THE REVENGE OF THE GERMS – the discriminate consumption and overuse of antibiotics have resulted in drug-resistant bacteria, viruses and parasites.
• Method- it refers to orderly processes of data collection
• DATA-refers to quantitative data affected to a marked extent by a multiplicity of causes
• DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS • Statistical techniques for summarizing and presenting data
• INFERENTIAL STATISTICS • Concerned in making estimates, predictions, generalizations, and conclusions about a target population
• . Demographic- ex. Population size, age, sex, geographic distribution, mortality, morbidity, growth rate
• . Health Status- ex. Causes and distribution of mortality and morbidity as to residence, place of occurrence, age, sex
• . Health Resources- ex. Number and distribution of health facilities, health manpower, health expenditures
• Health-related Socio-economic Environmental Factors- ex. Water supply, excreta disposal, school enrollment, food establishment, transports, food intake/habits
• Probability • Used to described the variety and frequency of pastP value- use to express the degree of probability or improbability of a certain result in an experiment.
• Confidence Interval • This is a range of values within which the true result probably falls.
• Qualitative • variables whose categories are simply used as labels to distinguish one group from another sex, religion, place of residence, disease status • numerical representation of the categories are for labeling/coding and NOT for comparison
• Quantitative • values indicate a quantitiy or amount and can be expressed numerically age, height weight, blood pressure • values can be arranged according to magn
• Nominal a classificatory scale where the categories are used as labels only
• Ordinal used for categories which can be ordered or ranked
• Interval same characteristics as ordinal; zero point is arbitrary and does not mean absence of the characteristic
• Ratio same characteristics as ordinal; a meaningful zero point exist
• TABULATION It refers to the arrangement of any data in an orderly sequence, so that they can be presented concisely and compactly and so that they can be understood easily.
• Types of Data for Tabulation (Frequency Distribution, Correlatiolation
• GRAPHING The purpose is to convey a simpler idea of what the statistical table contains .
• . Frequency distribution • Data are grouped according to some scale of classification, where the sum of the entries is equal to the total. The figures may either be in equal numbers, in percent or in both. The scales used may be qualitative, quantitative or both. • A frequency distribution shows the number of observations falling into each of several ranges of values. Frequency distributions are portrayed as frequency tables, histograms, or polygons
• Correlation data- used to compare two or more frequencies
• Time series data- some variable changes over a period of time is the one being presented
• Title - it should state the objective of the table. It should clearly, briefly and comprehensively what the figures in the body of the table stand for. How the data are classified, where and when obtained
• Stubs - indicate the basis of classification of the rows or horizontal series of figures
• Column headings -indicate the basis of classification of the columns or vertical series of figures.
• Body of the table - this is made up of the figures filling the cells or compartments brought about by the coordinates of rows and columns
• • Marginal Totals - refer to the column totals and row totals
• • Footnote -indicate the source of information
• PARTS OF A GRAPH
• part of graph Title- indicate clearly and briefly what the figures in the body of the graph stand for, how the data were classified, and where and when obtained. This is placed at the bottom of the graph, preceded by number for easy reference.
• Axis

  A graph has 2 axes, the vertical and the horizontal:<br>- Each represents separate scales of classification corresponding to the row and column headings of the table being graphically presented.<br>- One of the axes is always a quantitative scale while the other is either a quantitative or qualitative scale.
• Legend


  Needed when drawing more than one graph in a graphing space. Clarifies to what particular item each of the graph refers. Placed either at the bottom of the graph or as close as possible to the figures being identified.
• Body of the graph

  Lines, bars or figures drawn within the graphing space
• Line graphs


  Used to graph time series data depict trends or changes with time with respect to some other variables
• Histogram


  Used to graph continuous variables. A graphical representation, similar to a bar chart in structure, that organizes a group of data points into user-specified ranges. The histogram condenses a data series into an easily interpreted visual by taking many data points and grouping them into logical ranges or bins
• Polygon


  Used to graph continuous variables