Transport in cells

• In the blood, the oxygen combines with haemoglobin
• name two tissues in the leaf that transport substances around the plant.


  Xylem and phloem
• A student put red blood cells into water. Suggest what would happen to the cells.

  Cell will swell
• What is the function of the stomata?

  Control water loss
• Give two adaptations of the lungs that help the rapid absorption of oxygen into the blood.

  Alveoli

  Large surface area
•  Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves.

  By transpiration stream in xylem
• Explain why it is an advantage to the plant to have very few stomata.

  less water lost so it does not wilt
• Name two substances transported by the xylem

  Water

  Minerals
• Translocation

  movement of sugar
• Explain why translocation is important to plants.

  sugars are made in the leaves so they need to be moved to other parts of the plant for respiration
• Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells.

  For movements of mineral ions against their concentration gradient
• Which part of a cell traps light for photosynthesis

  Chloroplast
•  

  Which part of a cell is made of cellulose

  Cell wall
• equation for photosynthesis.

  Water + Carbon dioxide -> glucose+ water
• Scientists think that the flagellum and the light-sensitive spot work together to increase photosynthesis. Suggest how this might happen.

  light sensitive spot detects light

  tells flagellum to move towards light
• Explain why single-celled organisms, like algae, do not need complex structures for gas exchange.

  Larger SA: volume ratio

  So it has a short distance
• Name one food molecule absorbed into epithelial cells by active transport.

  Sugar
• Suggest why epithelial cells have many mitochondria

  Active transport requires energy from respiration
• Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport.

  Ions
• Describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell.

  glucose is absorbed by diffusion into the bloodstream then blood delivers glucose to muscles in capillaries
• hypertonic solution

  more concentrated than cytoplasm
• What word is used to describe plant cells placed in a hypotonic solution

  Turgid
• What word is used to describe plant cells placed in a hypertonic solution

  Plasmolysed
• Explain how oxygen moves into the blood

  By diffusion from a high concentration to a low concentration
•  

  Explain one way in which the gills are adapted for rapid absorption of oxygen.

  Manny gills give a large surface area
• diffusion


  movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

  
• osmosis


  Water molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration.

  
• hypotonic


  describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside the cell.

  
• hypertonic


  describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell.

  
• isotonic


  describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell.

  
• plasmolysis

  the contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis.

  
• cytolysis

  the bursting of a cell

  
• phagocytosis


  the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food.

  
• phagocyte


  a cell that ingests and destroys(digests) foreign matter or microoraganisms.