restorative justice programmes

• restorative justice programmes: bring offender and victim tougher with aim putting right harm have inflicted to enable both parties move forward in positive way
• what advocates - advocates restitution of victim by offend rather than state against offender.
• restitution - the process of returning stolen property to its rightful owner, or compensating the victim for the loss of property
• principles of restorative practice:

  • restoration
  • voluntarism
  • safety
  • accessibility
  • respect
• restoration - aim address and repair the harm caused
• voluntarism - participation is voluntary and based on informed choice
• Neutrality - process should be fair and unbiased towards participants
• safety - participants should feel safe and able to express their feelings in a secure environment
• Accessibility - The process should be non-discriminatory and open to all who have been affected by conflict and harm
• Respect - dignity of all participants must be respected throughout the process
• empowers victims - gives them a voice and holds offenders to account for what they have done
• offenders made to address and take responsibility for the harm behavour caused
• first step at moving towards recovery for both victim and offender
• Intermediary/facilitator - supports and and prepares people taking part to make sure that process is safe. see if it is safe for victim and offender to meet face to face or communicate via letters, recorded interviews or video.
• all participants have to agree to take part and offender must have admitted to the crime
• can be used for any type of crime and any stage of criminal justice system, including alongside a custodial sentence
• Reasons why effective:

  • Acknowledges that all crimes have some personal impact
  • advocates retribution by victim
  • Empowers victim to participate in justice system
  • Encourages offenders to take responsibility for their actions
  • challenges us to look at the root causes of rime in order to break the cycle
• Collective bargaining - Where workers negotiate employment terms as a group rather than individually to increase their power
• flexible workforce - Employees have the ability to adapt to changing work demands and schedules.  These workers have the ability to work remotely, have flexible hours, or work on a project-based or contractual basis.
• Home workers - people who work from home
• Industrial action - A form of protest in which workers stop work in order to demonstrate their discontent with their employer.
• outsourcing - The delegation of one or more business processes to an external provider
• Multi-skilling - training employees in one or more skill set
• Trade unions - an organised association of workers in a particular industry
• Zero - hour contract - A type of contract where employees are only employed for the hours they work. Employer does not guarantee a minimum number of hours of work for employee.
• External recruitment - when businesses recruit staff from outside of the business.
• Induction training - Training aimed at introducing new employees to a business and its procedures. usually done before they start working
• job description - a document that sets out the essential duties and responsibilities of a job
• Person specification - The skills and experience required to succeed in a specicifed job application
• Off- the- job training - training that takes place outside the workplace, such as training courses or workshops, university or college
• On-the job training - training that takes place while the employee is performing their job and getting paid at the workplace
• Authority - who has thee the power to make decisions and to enforce them.
• centralisation - a structure that keeps decision making at the top of the hierarchy
• decentralisation - A structure in which decision making is spread out to include more managers in the hierarchy. Flatter structure
• Delayering -  is a process in which an organization removes one or more layers of management, reducing the number of hierarchical levels between senior management and frontline employees.
• delegation - Where responsibility for carrying out a task or role is passed onto someone else in the business
• Formal organisation - a formal organisation is one that is set up to carry out a specific task
• Hierarchy - The structure and number of layers of management and supervision in an organisation.