Kelly vid

Cards (55)

  • What are the six key words used to group hazards?
    Causes, disaster, risk, vulnerability, perception, responses
  • What are geophysical hazards caused by?
    Land movements
  • How is hazard risk defined?
    Likelihood of people being affected
  • What does vulnerability refer to in the context of hazards?
    Population's susceptibility to hazards
  • How does perception affect responses to hazards?
    People's circumstances influence their views
  • What is a fatalism approach to hazards?
    Accepting hazards cannot be avoided
  • What is risk sharing in the context of hazards?
    Sharing costs to reduce hazards' impacts
  • What factors influence human responses to hazards?
    Incident frequency, power, and development level
  • What is the theory of plate tectonics?
    Lithosphere divided into tectonic plates
  • What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
    Fossil remains and matching rock types
  • What are convection currents in plate tectonics?
    Movement of magma due to heat differences
  • What are the four layers of the Earth?
    Core, outer core, mantle, crust
  • How does continental crust differ from oceanic crust?
    Continental is thicker and less dense
  • What happens at a constructive plate margin?
    Plates move apart, creating new landforms
  • What landforms can result from a constructive margin?
    Ocean ridges and rift valleys
  • What is a destructive margin?
    Where one plate subducts under another
  • What landforms are associated with destructive margins?
    Fold mountains and deep sea trenches
  • What occurs during oceanic to oceanic convergence?
    Formation of island arcs and deep sea trenches
  • What happens during continental to continental convergence?
    Formation of fold mountains and earthquakes
  • What characterizes a conservative margin?
    Plates slide past each other without subduction
  • What are magma plumes?
    Columns of hot magma rising from the mantle
  • What does the park model illustrate?
    Stages of disaster response and recovery
  • What are the five main stages of the park model?
    Normal conditions, disruption, relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction
  • What is a limitation of the park model?
    Assumes all areas can afford improvements
  • What does the hazard management cycle consist of?
    Four parts: mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery
  • What are primary volcanic hazards?
    Immediate effects like pyroclastic flows
  • What are secondary volcanic hazards?
    Effects that occur after the eruption
  • How can hazards be classified?
    By magnitude, frequency, and predictability
  • What is the difference between short-term and long-term responses to hazards?
    Short-term occurs immediately; long-term follows
  • What is Mount Pinatubo known for?
    Largest eruption in 50 years
  • What were the impacts of the Mount Pinatubo eruption?
    350 deaths and 80,000 hectares buried
  • What is a significant critique of the responses to the Mount Pinatubo eruption?
    Lack of preparation despite geological evidence
  • What is strain energy in the context of earthquakes?
    Energy built up from tectonic plate movement
  • What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
    Point directly above the focus
  • What factors affect the nature of earthquakes?
    Type of margin, rate of movement, depth of focus
  • What has geological evidence shown about past volcanic eruptions?
    They erupted violently in the past
  • How have local people been let down regarding volcanic eruptions?
    No preparation was made for eruptions
  • What does the hazard management cycle indicate about planning and responses?
    Later steps were not effectively implemented
  • What is the key term associated with the point directly above an earthquake's focus?
    Epicenter
  • What factors affect the nature of earthquakes?
    Type of margin, rate of movement, depth