BIO circulatory system

• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.
• Systemic circulation

  1. Returns oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the left atrium and is pumped out all over the body

  2. Picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products
• Components of the circulatory system

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
• Blood circulates through the digestive system

  Picks up nutrients absorbed from the last meal
• Blood carries oxygen inhaled by the lungs

  Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the heart and other cells of the body, picks up waste products including carbon dioxide, delivers waste products to the kidneys and lungs for disposal
• Circulatory system carries hormones from the endocrine system

  Delivers immune system’s white blood cells that fight off infection
• Circulatory system provides brain with oxygen-rich blood

  Brain regulates heart rate and blood pressure
• Circulatory system delivers oxygen-rich blood to bones

  Bones make new blood cells
• Types of blood vessels

  • Arteries: carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
  • Veins: carry blood from the body back to the heart
  • Capillaries: carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells, and then back to the veins
• Blood forms about one-twelfth of the body weight of an adult, amounting to about 5 liters (11 pints) in volume
• 45% – 50% of blood is red blood cells
• Roughly 50–55% of blood is plasma, the liquid-only portion in which cellular components are distributed
• Plasma contains 90 per cent water with dissolved substances such as glucose
• Composition of blood

  • 45% – 50% is red Blood Cells
  • Roughly 50–55 % of blood is plasma
• Plasma

  The liquid-only portion in which cellular components are distributed
• Substances in plasma

  • Water
  • Glucose (blood sugar)
  • Hormones
  • Enzymes
  • Waste products such as urea and lactic acid
• Proteins in plasma

  • Albumin
  • Fibrinogen (important in clotting)
  • Globular proteins or globulins
• Blood types

  • A
  • B
  • AB
  • O
• Rh blood types

  • A+
  • A-
  • B+
  • B-
  • AB+
  • AB-
  • O+
  • O-
• The Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells
• If blood has the Rh protein, it's Rh positive. If it lacks the protein, it's Rh negative
• Rh positive is the most common blood type
• As blood is moved through your body, it exerts pressure against the walls of blood vessels
• Blood pressure components

  • Systolic Pressure
  • Diastolic Pressure
• A normal heart rhythm is called normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
• When there is a problem with heart rhythm or rate, it is called arrhythmia
• Heart's electrical system

  Starts with an electrical signal in the right atrium, at the SA Node (sinoatrial node). The signal spreads throughout the heart from top to bottom (from atria to ventricles). As one part contracts, the others relax in a sequence
• Heart procedures

  • Angioplasty
  • Balloon Angioplasty
  • Stents
• Angioplasty opens blocked arteries and restores normal blood flow to the heart muscle
• A pacemaker is a battery-operated device placed in the body to produce electrical pulses that cause the heart to beat at a normal rate
• Human lips have a reddish color due to the concentration of tiny blood capillaries just below the skin
• Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood