9: Animal Architecture and Bauplan:

• Kingdom Animalia

  Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with tissues developing from embryonic layers
• Heterotrophic


  Organisms unable to produce their own carbon molecules
• Mitochondria


  Organelles responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells
• Tissues


  Collections of specialized cells with similar functions, absent in some organisms
• Gastrulation


  The formation of an embryo in animals
• Coelom


  The fluid/air-filled cavity between digestive track and outer body of triploblastic animals
• Segmentation


  Division of the body into repeating parts, a feature of some animals
• Choanocytes

  Special collar cells in sponges responsible for capturing and filtering food particles
• Amoebocytes


  Cells in sponges responsible for forming spicules and other functions
• Osculum


  Opening in sponges for water exit after filtration
• Spicules


  Structural elements in sponges formed by amoebocytes for support
• Eumetazoa


  Multicellular organisms with true tissues, distinct embryonic stages in development
• Diploid


  Contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
• Haploid


  An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
• Homologous


  Chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
• Meiosis


  Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
• Parthenogenesis


  Asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs
• Zygote


  Fertilised egg