7G the particle model

• Volume


  How much space something takes up, measured in cm³
• Compress


  Squash or squeeze into a smaller volume
• Compressing matter

  Causes a change in the volume
• The Particle theory states that

  All matter is made up of tiny particles.

  
  

  The particles are moving all the time

  
  

  there are forces of attraction holding the particles together

  
  

  the forces vary in the different states of matter
• Particles


  The tiny building blocks that make up all matter
• Robert Brown

  • Observed pollen grains under a microscope
• Air


  Made up of particles moving in different directions
• Diffusion

  Movement of particles from one substance through another substance without external mixing
• Diffusion

  Particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration
• Particles in the air

  Move randomly and spread in all directions
• Particles in the air

  Move from a low concentration to move closer to our nose
• Hypothesis


  A possible explanation based on limited evidence
• Scientific method

  1. Hypothesis

  2. Prediction

  3. Experiment

  4. Observation
• Results can be analysed when data from many experiments is collected
• Data from many experiments supports a hypothesis


  The hypothesis becomes a theory
• Theory


  A hypothesis or a group of hypotheses with lots of supporting evidence
• Diffusion


  Particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration
• Particles move randomly in the air and spread in all directions from a high to low concentration to move closer to our nose
• Healing


  1. Water in the can starts to boil and turn into a gas

  2. Particles collide faster against the inside of the can and move with more energy
• Air is made of particles moving in different directions. These particles collide with smoke particles.
• Einstein and other scientists used the particle theory to explain the similar movement seen in specks of carbon in smoke
• The particles in solids are very close together, therefore they cannot usually be compressed or squashed.

  Forces of attraction between the particles hold them together and keep them in place.

  The particles in solids are arranged in a regular way:

  • The particles in solids move only by vibrating about a fixed position. This gives solids a fixed shape and means that they cannot flow like liquids.
  • The hotter a solid gets, the faster its particles vibrate. This means that solids expand when they are heated.