Dna and Rna

• The double helix structure of DNA consists of two strands held together by base pairs.
• Each nucleotide in DNA has three components: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
• What are Dna's 4 nitrogenous bases?

  1. Adenine
  2. Thymine
  3. Guanine
  4. Cytosine
• Full name of DNA?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Each nucleotide in RNA has three components: a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose), and a nitrogenous base.
• Functions of DNA?

  • stores genetic code
  • carries heriditary information
  • contains coded information for protein synthesis
• In what phase does DNA replication take place

  Interphase
• What is DNA replication

  the process during which a DNA molecule makes an exact copy (replica) of itself
• Functions of DNA replication:

  • to produce new cells
  • to maintain the chromosome number
  • help with growth through protein synthesis
  • to ensure that daughter cells will inherit the correct characteristics and functions
• Sources for DNA profiling?

  • skin
  • blood
  • saliva
  • semen
  • hair
  • bone
• Some uses for DNA profiling are: forensics, paternity, genetic defect, organ transplant compatibility, etc.
• Full name of RNA?

  Ribonucleic acid
• DNA is found in the nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria
• RNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
• Protein Synthesis is the process of manufacturing proteins in the cell from amino acids.
• Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids attached together by peptide bonds
• What is the name of the proteins that DNA wounds around?

  histones
• How many chromosomes in a human karyotype?

  46
• How many PAIRS of chromosomes in a human karyotype

  23
• Provide labels for:

  A: replicated chromosome

  B: centromere

  C: chromatid (chromosome)

  
• what is the name of the chromosome pair that tells us the gender of an individual?

  gonosome
• Provide labels for the follwing:

  A: phosphate

  B: sugar

  C: nitrogenous base

  D: hydrogen bond

  
• Provide labels for the following DNA nitrogenous base pairs in numerical order (going down)

  1. C
  2. G
  3. A
  4. A
  5. T
  6. G

  
• mRnA carries code for manufacturing of proteins to ribosomes
• tRNA carries amino acids towards ribosomes to form proteins
• Codon = 3 mRna bases
• Anti-codon = 3 tRNA bases
• Transcription is the 1st stage of protein synthesis where mRNA is formed from DNA carrying code for the protein to be made
• Translation is the 2nd stage of protein synthesis where amino acids combine to form a protein
• amino acids are attached to each other by peptide bonds
• In RNA the nitrogenous base, Adenine ,pairs with Uracil
• In RNA the nitrogenous base Uracil pairs with Adenine
• In RNA the nitrogenous base Cytsosine pairs with Guanine
• In RNA the nitrogenous base Guanine pairs with Cytosine
• In DNA the nitrogenous base, Cytosine, pairs with Guanine
• In DNA the nitrogenous base, Guanine, pairs with Cytosine
• In DNA the nitrogenous base Thymine pairs with Adenine
• In DNA the nitrogenous base Adenine pairs with Thymine
• A DNA template is the original strand that provides a framework upon which a new strand is developed
• A Complementary strand is the new strand that is made based on the sequence of nucleotides on the template