2021

• what is the equation for photosynthesis

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• how to test for PROTEIN

  • grind up food
  • add Biuret solution
  • will turn purple/lilac if protein is present
• • how to test for STARCH
  • add Iodine solution
  • will turn blue-black if starch is present
• • how to test for SUGAR
  • grind up food
  • mix with water
  • add Benedict's solution
  • heat mixture in a water bath
  • will turn brick red if sugar is present
• Exothermic 


  energy is released to the surrounding
• gonorrhoea

  bacterium
• malaria

  protist
• measles

  virus
• • how can sterile mosquitoes reduce the spread of malaria
  • reduces breeding
  • so there are less mosquitoes to pass on the pathogen and bite people
• • why do plants with tobacco mosaic virus grow slowly
  • there is less chlorophyll in leaves so photosynthesis is reduced
  • so less glucose is produced
  • so less amino acids are made
• • which blood vessel transports blood with the highest oxygen concentration into the heartpulmonary vein
• • which blood vessel transports blood at the highest pressureaorta
• • blood flow from heart to the lungsright atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery
• • advantages of STATINS
  • easy to take
  • low cost
  • decreases blood cholesterol
• • disadvantages of STATINS
  • side effects of the drug
  • takes time
  • is long term - maybe whole life
  • can forget to take the drug
• • advantages of STENTS
  • Immediate effect
  • rapid recovery
  • the stent will stay in place for a long time
  • the blocked artery is held open
• • disadvantages of STENTS
  • risk of infection from the operation
  • risk of bleeding
  • risk of blood clot aka thrombosis
• • why do heart attack survivors get out of breath so easily
  • the heart muscle cannot contract and pump as effectively
  • so less blood is pumped to the body
  • so less oxygen reaches cells for aerobic respiration
  • so the breathing rate increases to supply more oxygen
• • advantages of self stem cells rather than embryonic ones
  • they won’t be rejected
  • no risk of embryo damage
  • adults can give consent
• • how is water transported from the soil to the atmosphere through a plant
  • water is absorbed from the soil through osmosis through root hair cells
  • it travels through the xylem to the leaves
  • water is lost through the stomata to the atmosphere
  • its driven by evaporation/transpiration
• • the process that moves dissolved sugars through phloem tissueTranslocation
• • how are sieve cells adapted to their function
  • they have no nucleus so they can maximise space for movement of dissolved sugars
• • why is it important that dissolved sugars are moved both upwards and downwards in a plant
  • sugars are made in the leaves by photosynthesis
  • all cells need sugar for respiration
  • sugars are transported to the meristem for growth