2018

• what type of cell is the nucleus found in

  eukaryotic cells
• what type of cell is the permanent vacuole found in

  plant cells only
• what type of cell is the plasmids found in

  prokaryotic cells
• • some structures in a plant cellvacuole, ribosome, cell wall
• • how to adjust microscope to see more clearlyturn the fine focusing knob until the cells are in focus
• • how to adjust microscope to see too far specimen
  • rotate the objective lens to a higher power lens
  • change the objective lens to increase the magnification
• • magnification = size of image/size of real object
• • what is a non communicable disease
  • disease that is not caused by a pathogen/infective organism, so it is not spread from person to person
  • it is not contagious/infectious
• how can Coronary Heart Disease cause a heart attack

  • CHD causes restricted blood flow so less oxygen reaches the heart/cells so the
  • heart/muscle cells can’t respire enough
  • or heart muscle cells do not release enough energy
• • how do lifestyle & medical risk factors increase the chance of developing CHD 2. medical risk factors include

  1. lifestyle factors include

  • smoking which leads to high blood pressure and increased cholesterol
  • obesity which leads to high blood pressure and diabetes
  • lack of exercise leads to obesity and diabetes
  • unhealthy diet leads to obesity and increased cholesterol
  • too much alcohol increase blood pressure and cholesterol
  • high salt intake & high fat diet
  • genetic factors such as diabetes and cholesterol levels
  • medication can affect blood and metabolism
• equation for photosynthesis

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis

  Endothermic
• • how to improve pondweed photosynthesis light intensity experiment

  1. Measure the volume of gas released
  2. increase length of time
  3. video the investigation so you can recount the amount of bubbles later
• • why is it important that the pondweed remains at a constant temperature in the pondweed light intensity experiment
  • temp affects the rate of photosynthesis because the reaction is controlled by enzymes
  • high temperatures denature enzymes
• • how does vaccination reduce the spread of viruses
  • most people are immune so they do not become ill from infection
  • so there is less chance of non vaccinated individuals being exposed to the virus
• • where in plants are stem cells found

  1. meristems
  2. tips of the shoot
  3. tip of the roots
• • economic use of stem cells
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • to produce large numbers of identical plants
• 3 stages of the cell cycle are:

  stage 1:

  • cell growth
  • increase in number of organelles
  • DNA replicates
  • 2 copies of the chromosome are formed

  stage 2: Mitosis -

  • one set off chromosomes move to each end of the cell
  • the chromosomes are pulled apart
  • the nucleus divides

  stage 3: cytokinesis:

  • cytoplasm/cell membrane divides to form 2 genetically identical cells
• advantages of therapeutic cloning

  • can cure medical conditions/treat diseases
  • can produce any type of cells and tissues
  • cells are unlikely to be rejected by the patient
  • many cells are produced
• • disadvantages of therapeutic cloning
  • potential life is destroyed
  • may transfer viral infections
  • shortage of donors/eggs
  • poor success rate to produce viable eggs/embryo
  • risks unknown - could effect the patient
  • egg donation/collection has risks

  yh