enzymes

• Enzymes are biological catalysts that are proteins.
• Carbohydrates are simple sugars like sucrose, glycogen and starch.
• Proteins are made from amino acids that are joined together to form chains. Eg. collagen, haemoglobin and keratin.
• Lipids are fats and oils that are made from smaller units of fatty acids and glycerol.
• Catalysts speed up the rate of reactions to lower the activation energy.
• Substrates are complementary to a specific active site of an enzyme and only binds to one shape.
• If enzymes are exposed to extremes of pH or high temperatures, the shape of their active site changes and it denatures.
• As temperature increases so does the rate of enzyme activity.
• An optimum activity is reached at the enzyme’s optimum temperature and pH.