Amoeba - Protoctists that live in pond water and resemble animal cells
Cell - The basic building block of all living organisms
Cell membrane - A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell
Cell wall - An outer, structural layer that surrounds some cells. In plant cells, it is made of cellulose. In fungi, it is made of chitin
Chlorella - A protoctist that has features similar to plant cells e.g. chloroplasts
Chloroplast - An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis
DNA - A double-stranded polymer wound to form a double helix. It carries the genetic code
Eukaryotic cell - A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - An infectious virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Hyphae - Long filaments of a fungus that contain many nuclei
Influenza virus - An infection virus that causes influenza (the flu)
Lactobacillus bulgaricus - A rod-shaped species of bacterium used to produce yoghurt from milk
Mucor - A multicellular fungus that has a hyphal structure
Mycelium - A collection of thread-like hyphae in a fungus
Pathogens - Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
Photosynthesis - An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
Plasmids - Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
Plasmodium - Pathogenic protoctists that cause malaria
Pneumococcus - A spherical, pathogenic bacterium that causes pneumonia
Prokaryotic cell - A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus
Protoctists - Microscopic single-celled organisms
Saprotrophic nutrition - The mode of extracellular nutrition in which digestive enzymes are secreted onto the food outside the cell and the products of digestion are absorbed
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) - A widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves. It infects chloroplasts and limits plant growth
Virus - A non-living organism that can only reproduce inside host cells. Viruses have no cells, but possess a protein coat containing nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
Yeast - A single-celled fungus
