PURCOM

• ELEMENTS

  Speaker or Source

  Message

  Channel

  Receiver

  Feedback

  Environment

  Context

  Interference
• 3 Models of Communication

  Linear

  Interactive

  Transactional
• LINEAR MODEL
• LINEAR MODEL

  the oldest kind of communication that dates back to the time of Aristotle
• LINEAR MODEL

  communication happens in one direction which is

  why the term linear is used
• LINEAR MODEL

  sender is the only one who sends message and receiver doesn’t

  give feedback or response
• Aristotelian Model

  proposed before 30 BC by Aristotle

  The speaker sends message, and the audience

  receives it.
• Lasswell’s Communication Model

  Added Channel as element

  was popularized and primarily developed to analyze mass communication during the time when only the rich had

  televisions in order to show the mass media culture.
• The Shannon-Weaver Model

  Basic elements are Sender, message, channel, and receiver later recognized the static background, termed “noise”
• Berlo’s SMCR Model

  Each of the elements of communication contains several factors affecting the flow of communication.
• INTERACTIVE MODEL

  Also known as the Convergence Model

  It upgrades the linear model by making

  the message exchange in two ways:

  From to sender to receiver, and from

  receiver to the sender.

  It now allows for a feedback elements
• Schramm’s Model

  a message can have meanings when

  permitted by individual’s experience to

  understand the message.
• Schramm’s Model

  He emphasized that communication is

  incomplete unless and until the sender

  receives a feedback from the recipient.
• Dance Model

  that the communication

  process starts very slowly in a defined and

  small circle. Communicators share information

  only with small portion of themselves on their

  relationships. It gradually develops into next

  level but which will take some time to reach and

  expand its boundaries to the next level.
• TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

  More sophisticated than interactive model.
• TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

  Depicts face-to-face interaction, or “transaction”

  as a dynamic and changeable process that is

  not limited to simple definition.
• TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

  Receiver and sender can play the same roles

  simultaneously.
• TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

  It acknowledges both time and the ability for the

  participants to accomplish two functions at the

  same time hereby making it more than just

  interactive but a continuous and always in

  motion process.
• Ecological Model

  3 basic elements, namely; the creator, the message, and the consumer
• Verbal Communication

  is the use of words and sounds in expressing

  thoughts and emotions; they are agreed-upon and rule governed

  system of symbols used to share meaning including both oral and

  written communication.
• Symbols are arbitrary representations of thoughts, ideas, emotions, objects, or actions used to encode and decode meaning. Symbols have three distinct qualities:
• Arbitrary - Words have no direct relationship to the objects or ideas they

  represent.
• Ambiguous. Words have several possible meanings.
• Abstract. Words are not material or physical.
• Phonology –sounds
• Semantics – meaning and interpretation
• Syntax – grammatical structure
• Pragmatics – how the same word can have different

  meanings in different settings.
• Functions of VC

  Defining Reality

  Organizing Complex Ideas to Categories.

  Making Us Think

  Shaping our attitude to the world
• Non-Verbal Communication

  It is the process of conveying meanings without the

  use of the words either written or spoken including

  facial expressions, hand movements, body

  language, postures, and gestures.
• Kinesics or Body Motion

  Gestures and body stance

  Face and eyes
• Proxemics (distance and territory)

  Distance or space

  Territory (public, interactional, home)
• Haptics (Touching behavior including handshake, pat on the shoulder)
• Chronemics (Time)
• Paralanguage

  Voice qualities

  Vocalizations
• Artifacts (earrings)
• Olfactics (smell/ perfumes, spices)
• Accenting – calling attention to a key part of the message
• Moderating – reducing attention, removing emphasis
• Moderating – reducing attention, removing emphasis