Digestive system

Cards (63)

  • What is another name for the oesophagus?
    Gullet
  • What is the primary function of the oesophagus?
    To propel liquids and solids to the stomach
  • How long is the oesophagus?
    About 25 cm
  • Where does the oesophagus commence?
    At C6 vertebra
  • What anatomical structures does the oesophagus lie between in the mediastinum?
    Posterior to trachea and anterior to vertebral column
  • At which vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
    T10
  • What is the role of the upper oesophageal sphincter?
    Prevents air from entering the oesophagus
  • What does the lower oesophageal sphincter prevent?
    Reflux of acid from stomach into oesophagus
  • What is peristalsis?
    Muscular contractions that propel food down the oesophagus
  • What is the peritoneum?
    A closed sac in the abdominal cavity
  • What is ascites?
    Abnormal fluid collection in the peritoneal cavity
  • What are the main organs of the digestive system?
    • Oesophagus
    • Stomach
    • Small intestine
    • Large intestine
    • Pancreas
    • Liver
    • Gallbladder
  • What connects the stomach to the oesophagus?
    Cardiac sphincter
  • What is the function of the stomach's internal mucus membrane?
    Secretes gastric juice
  • How long is the small intestine?
    About 6 metres
  • What are the three parts of the small intestine?
    Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
  • How long is the large intestine?
    1.5 metres
  • What are the four parts of the large intestine?
    Caecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
  • What is the function of the pancreas?
    Secretes pancreatic juice for digestion
  • How long is the pancreas?
    12-15 cm
  • What does the liver secrete?
    Bile
  • How many lobes does the liver have?
    Four lobes
  • What is the pathway of bile from the liver to the duodenum?
    1. Bile from liver
    2. Left hepatic duct
    3. Cystic duct
    4. Common hepatic duct
    5. Common bile duct
    6. Duodenal papilla
  • What is the alimentary canal?
    Tube from mouth to anus
  • What is the function of the epiglottis?
    Stops food from entering the trachea
  • What are the three portions of the pharynx?
    Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
  • Which portions of the pharynx are part of the digestive system?
    Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
  • What is the function of the salivary glands?
    Secrete saliva into the mouth
  • How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
    Three pairs
  • What are the names of the salivary glands?
    Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
  • What is the role of the tongue?
    Sense of taste, speech, swallowing
  • Which nerve supplies the muscles of the tongue?
    Hypoglossal nerve
  • Which nerves provide sensation to the tongue?
    Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal nerves
  • What is the vestibule of the mouth?
    Outer portion of the mouth
  • What structures are found in the mouth cavity proper?
    Oropharyngeal isthmus, pillars of fauces
  • How many deciduous teeth do children typically have?
    20 teeth
  • How many permanent teeth do adults typically have?
    32 teeth
  • What types of teeth are included in the permanent set?
    Incisors, canines, premolars, molars
  • What is the function of the haustra in the large intestine?
    Form pouches between muscle bands
  • What is the mesocolon?
    Double layer of peritoneum attaching colon