CVS

• What are the five main surfaces of the heart?

  Anterior, Posterior, Inferior, Right Pulmonary, Left Pulmonary
• Which ventricle forms the anterior surface of the heart?

  The right ventricle
• What forms the posterior surface of the heart?

  The left atrium
• Which surfaces of the heart are formed by the left and right ventricles?

  The inferior surface
• What is the outer layer of the heart called?

  Fibrous pericardium
• What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

  Provides structural support and anchoring
• What fluid fills the serous layer of the heart?

  Serous fluid
• What is the role of the parietal pericardium?

  Secretes serous fluid and protects the heart
• What is the myocardium's primary function?

  Pumping blood through cardiac muscle
• Which layer of the heart is the thickest?

  Myocardium
• What prevents blood clots from adhering to the heart?

  The endocardium's smooth surface
• What are the functions of the pericardium layers?

  • Attachment
  • Protection
  • Lubrication
  • Prevention from over-distention
• What is the main function of the heart?

  To pump blood around the body
• What do the great vessels do?

  Transport blood to and from the heart
• Name the four great vessels connected to the heart.

  SVC, IVC, Aorta, Pulmonary Artery
• What separates the right and left sides of the heart?

  Interatrial and interventricular septums
• How many valves are in the heart?

  Four
• What prevents backflow in the heart valves?

  Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
• What is the role of the sinoatrial node?

  Generates electrical signals for heart contraction
• What happens after the sinoatrial node activates?

  The electrical impulse travels to the atrioventricular node
• What is the first step in blood flow through the heart?

  Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium
• What prevents the tricuspid valve from opening backwards?

  Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
• What brings oxygenated blood back to the heart?

  The pulmonary veins
• What happens to oxygenated blood after it enters the left atrium?

  It is pushed through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
• What is the final step in blood flow through the heart?

  Oxygenated blood is pushed into the aorta
• What arteries supply the myocardium with blood?

  The right and left coronary arteries
• How is deoxygenated blood drained from the heart?

  By the great cardiac and middle cardiac veins
• What are the steps of blood flow through the heart?

  1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium
  2. Blood flows through tricuspid valve to right ventricle
  3. Blood is pumped through pulmonary valve to lungs
  4. Oxygenated blood returns via pulmonary veins to left atrium
  5. Blood flows through mitral valve to left ventricle
  6. Blood is pumped through aortic valve to body
• What are the key components of the heart's electrical system?

  • Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
  • Atrioventricular node
  • Bundle of His
  • Purkinje fibres
• What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

  To transport blood around the body
• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  Arteries, veins, and capillaries
• What do arteries decrease in size to become?

  Arterioles
• What do veins decrease in size to become?

  Venules
• How do capillaries function in the circulatory system?

  They connect arterioles to venules
• Why is it important to know the structure of the heart and circulatory system?

  • To image them accurately
  • To recognize their appearance in imaging modalities
• How does knowledge of the circulatory system aid in imaging?

  • Facilitates easier imaging procedures
  • Enhances understanding of heart location and appearance
• What is the lumen in blood vessels?

  The central cavity of the vessels
• What are the three layers of blood vessels?

  Tunic Intima, Tunic Media, Tunic Adventitia
• What is the inner layer of blood vessels called?

  Tunic Intima
• What is the middle layer of blood vessels called?

  Tunic Media